Phillip's Economic Computer, 1949.

1995-210 (Science Museum)

Phillips Economic Analog Computer. The machine was conceived by Bill Phillips (1914-1975), a New Zealand-born engineer turned economist. He designed the machine to demonstrate in a visual way the circular flow of money within the economy. Approximately fourteen machines were built, and this particular machine was used as a teaching aid at the London School of Economics. It ran until May 1992.

• Date made: 1949

House flag, New Zealand Shipping Co. Ltd (AAA0314)

AAA0314 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>The house flag of the New Zealand Shipping Co. Ltd, London. A white flag with a red cross overall and the black initials 'N Z S Co' in the quarters. A pennant divided vertically into red white and blue above. The flag is made of a wool and synthetic fibre bunting. It has a cotton hoist and is machine sewn. The pennant and flag is on a single rope with a toggle attached. The pennant was originally a 'steam cornet' flown to indicate that the vessel was proceeding under steam as well as sail. It was added to the house flag when the company acquired steam assisted vessels.</p> <p>The New Zealand Shipping Company was formed in Christchurch, New Zealand in 1873 as a result of complaints about high freight rates. They purchased four sailing ships followed by 12 more built new for the company in the years up to 1877. Two further second hand sailing ships were acquired in 1876 and 1882 and many additional ships were chartered. The ships were fitted with a refrigerated capacity for New Zealand meat in 1881. The passage times between London and New Zealand for sailing ships were between 74 and 100 days.</p> <p>In 1910 New Zealand shipping company took control of Canadian – Australian Line and recommenced services between New Zealand, Australia and Canada. In 1912 New Zealand shipping company took over Federal SNCO but they continued to trade under their own name and colours. In 1916 P&O took over New Zealand shipping company but the company continued to operate as before until 1973 when ownership of all ships was transferred to P&O Line and the separate existence of New Zealand Shipping Company ceased.</p>

• Creator: unknown
• Date made: circa 1955-67
• Material: wool blend; synthetic blend; cotton; machine sewn

Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe (GLB0051)

GLB0051 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe. Geographical details on the terrestrial sphere are the same as Ferguson <a href= "/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0057" title= "Pocket globe - Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe">GLB0057</a> but updated. The tracks of 'Cook's going out 1776' with the 'Endeavor' and 'C.n King's Return 1780' are added and the coastlines of Australia and New Zealand are drawn as after Cook's discoveries. Ferguson's 'Dimens L.d', 'de Wit's Land', 'NEW HOLLAND' and 'Lewins Land' are maintained and the name of Ferguson's other 'Dimens Land' and of 'New Zeeland' are both reallocated. 'N. SOUTH WALES', 'P.t lackson', 'Botany B.' 'Owyhee' and so on are added. The coastline of America north of California is drawn with 'Alaska' and 'Behring'. The location of the 'Antipodes to London' are marked, and monsoons in the Indian Sea are recorded. The Chinese Wall is depicted. The track of Anson is recorded and labelled. Five oceans are named.</p> <p>Astronomical details on the inside of the case are the same as Ferguson, <a href="/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0057" title= "Pocket globe - Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe">GLB0057</a>. Stars are represented by different symbols, but a magnitude table is absent. The Milky Way is labelled. A total of six stars and three star groups are named. The 48 Ptolemaic constellations and four of the non-Ptolemaic constellations are drawn. Four of the southern constellations are drawn as well as those of Plancius and Hevelius. For full details about the cartography and construction of this globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: London, England
• Creator: Dudley Adams
• Date made: circa 1795
• Material: papier mache; plaster; copper plate engraved; varnish; hand-coloured; paper; wood; shark skin; brass

Terrestrial table globe (GLB0127)

GLB0127 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial table globe. It forms a pair with the anonymous celestial globe, <a href= "/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0128" title= "Table globe - Celestial table globe">GLB0128</a>. Geographical details on the sphere show the western extension of North America which is labelled. California, however, is drawn as an island. Australia and New Zealand are depicted according to Dutch discoveries. The south polar area is empty. There are many hunting scenes and pictures of animals and natives in Africa, Asia, Australia and the Americas. A total of ten oceans are named. For full details about the cartography and construction of this globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: Germany
• Creator: unknown
• Date made: 19th century
• Material: silver; brass; enamel; engraved; cast silver

Terrestrial table globe (GLB0115)

GLB0115 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial table globe. Geographical details on the sphere include a label that reads 'Unknown Parts' in North America. California is drawn as an island, and Australia and New Zealand are drawn according to the Dutch discoveries up to 1644. Dampier's discoveries north of New Guinea are recorded 'N. Britain'. In Asia there are the labels 'Ch. Wall', 'Dominion of Moscovy' and 'Parts Unknown'. A total of nine oceans are named.</p> <p>This globe is a copy of Cushee, <a href= "/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0044" title= "Pocket globe - Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe">GLB0044</a>, but it lacks the trade winds between the tropics. The use of the Gregorian calendar points to a date after the introduction of calendar reforms in 1752. For full details about the cartography and construction of this globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: England
• Creator: after Cushee
• Date made: after 1752
• Material: gilt brass; brass; copper; engraved

Terrestrial clockwork globe (ZAA0589)

ZAA0589 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial clockwork globe. Geographical details on the sphere suggest that the map of the globe is reminiscent of the early 17th century. Australia and New Zealand are missing and there is a hypothetical southern continent with 'Nouvelle guinea' connected to it. A total of four oceans are named. This puzzling terrestrial globe, which has the wrong spelling of 'TERESTRE' in the title cartouche and the wrong scale of the equator, deviates from the other terrestrial examples of the same size made by Fortin.</p> <p>This may have been an early, unsuccessful attempt to make a globe, which Fortin passed to his clockmaker relation Augustin Fortin II to use as a clock globe in circa 1780. The clockwork mechanism connects the sphere to a geared wheel, which is driven by the brass clock movement. For full details about the cartography and construction of this clockwork globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: Paris, France
• Creator: Jean Fortin
• Date made: circa 1770
• Material: wood; plaster; copper plate engraved; varnish; brass; paint; paper; metal

Ship model (AAA0049)

AAA0049 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>A bottle containing a model of a container ship wearing the German ensign named 'Mosel Express' with a background of cranes one of which is marked 'Bremer Vulcan'. The bottle is mounted on a wooden stand. It was given to the donor as gift at a Blue Star Line launching at Bremerhaven, probably that of 'New Zealand Star' or 'Southland Star'. The 'Mosel Express' was launched in 1969 by Bremer Vulcan for Norddeutscher Lloyd.</p>

• Place made: Germany
• Creator: unknown
• Date made: circa 1967
• Material: glass; composite

House flag, Avenue Shipping Co. Ltd (AAA0145)

AAA0145 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>The house flag of the Avenue Shipping Co. Ltd, London. On a rectangular white field, there is a blue cross with a blue bordered white diamond in the centre, bearing the blue letter 'A'. The flag is made of a wool and synthetic fibre bunting. It has a cotton hoist and is machine sewn. A rope and two Inglefield clips are attached.</p> <p>Avenue Shipping was formerly the ship owning side of Birt, Potter & Hughes and called after their address: 2, Fenchurch Avenue. In 1954 the New Zealand Shipping Company formed a new 'Avenue Shipping' within its parent company P&O and took over the house flag of the older firm. The first Chairman was W.C. How the Deputy Chairman of New Zealand Shipping. The new company was floated on the stock exchange, where 1,500,000 shares were sold at £1 per share. In the first Annual report on 30 September 1955 there was a loss of about £50,000 during the year. The Avenue Shipping Co. inherited four cargo vessels from NZS ('Antrim', 'Armagh', 'Limerick' and 'Tyrone'), and it had a 5th vessel ('Donegal') on order.</p> <p>W. C. How retired in 1961, and C.A.W. Dawes was elected Chairman of the Board. Between 1957 and 1969 the fleet declined from seven ships with two building to only two vessels. Ownership passed to P&O General Cargo Division in 1971 and the house flag went out of use.</p>

• Place made: London, England
• Creator: Adam & Lane & Neave Ltd
• Date made: circa 1955
• Material: wool; synthetic blend; cotton; machine sewn

'Erebus' and 'Terror' in the Antarctic (BHC1215)

BHC1215 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>One of a pair with <a href= "/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=BHC1214" title= "Painting - 'Erebus' and the 'Terror' in New Zealand, August 1841">BHC1214</a>. The artist has portrayed the two ships, 'Erebus' and 'Terror' in the Antarctic. They represent the only human presence in an environment of rough peaks, glaciers, mountains and jagged rocks. The two ships are portrayed tossed in the waves as they navigate a passage though a sound. The ship to the right is signalling with flags to the other. In the foreground is Carmichael's interpretation of the wildlife to be found in the Antarctic. A whale sends up a jet of water in the foreground to the left.</p> <p>Carmichael was a prolific artist who produced drawings and engravings for the British newspapers of the time. However, as he did not accompany Ross the painting is not an eyewitness account. It may be a response to the publication of Ross's book about the expedition but the composition is based on a drawing which Carmichael appears to have done earlier, representing one of Captain William Edward Parry's two-ship expeditions in search of the North-West Passage in the 1820s. This was acquired by the National Maritime Museum in 2001.</p> <p>Carmichael presumably did not develop the drawing into an Arctic painting but instead used it for this Antarctic subject. The landscape seems fantastical and the scene has been romanticized, since although the environment is barren it is not threatening to the ships and men, and a golden glow appears over the mountain in the distance to the left. The presence of the birds and fish implies that nature has been interpreted as benign to man and not hostile. The painting has been signed by the artist and is dated 1847.</p>

• Creator: John Wilson Carmichael
• Date made: 1847
• Material: oil on canvas, frame

A View of the Island of New Caledonia in the South (BHC2377)

BHC2377 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Hodges's paintings of the Pacific celebrate British exploration. He was appointed by the Admiralty to record the places discovered on Cook's second voyage, undertaken in the 'Resolution' and 'Adventure', 1772-75. This was primarily in the form of drawings, many later converted to engravings in the official account of the voyage. He also did some oil paintings on the voyage but most, especially the larger ones, were painted in London on his return. The National Maritime Museum holds 26 oils relating to the voyage of which 24 were either painted for or acquired by the Admiralty.</p> <p>Cook's main purpose on this expedition was to locate, if possible, the much talked-of but unknown Southern Continent and further expand knowledge of the central Pacific islands, in which Hodges' records of coastal profiles were in part important for navigational reasons. After his second visit to the Society Islands (Tahiti), Cook briefly explored the New Hebrides. He was returning south towards New Zealand when, on 4 September 1774, he discovered New Caledonia and landed on the east side of the 250-mile long island.</p> <p>The view in this painting corresponds to some degree to Cook's extended description of that seen from the summit of one of the hills, when some of his party walked into the country on 7 September 1774. This image suggests that Hodges was a member of this party, who were greatly impressed by the beauty of the scene. It is thought to have been painted from a lost sketch which Cook described as very 'accurately delineated', and parallels his description of the desolate landscape of the rocky hills, with gnarled trees and dried grasses. Hodges's interpretation may have been inspired by the romantic possibilities of the view. In addition to the panoramic landscape, he includes a number of birds in flight and a lone figure holding a spear on the far right. In the clearing in the middle distance several other tiny figures are discernible and in the far distance below the 'Resolution' lies at anchor with three sailing canoes nearby. The shaded hills in the foreground are painted in rich sienna and putty tones that contrast sharply with the diffused pastel colours of the distant coastline and sea.</p> <p>The picture affords a marked contrast to Hodges's other work painted both on the voyage and afterwards, in 1776 and 1777. The dark masses of foreground foliage are broken at intervals to capture the flickering effects of strong light, which may have been in response to the criticism his work received at the Royal Academy in 1776. The painting was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1778.</p>

• Creator: William Hodges
• Date made: circa 1777-78
• Material: oil on canvas

House flag, Shaw Savill and Albion Co. Ltd (AAA0359)

AAA0359 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>The house flag of Shaw Savill and Albion Co. Ltd, London. A rectangular white flag with a red cross. In the canton, there is a red cross on a blue background with a five-pointed white star in each quarter. The flag is made of a wool and synthetic fibre bunting. It has a cotton hoist and is machine sewn. A rope and clip is attached. The design is the same as the national flag of the United Tribes of New Zealand used from 1834 to 1840.</p> <p>Robert Shaw and Walter Savill set up office in London in 1858 as Shaw Savill & Company to participate in the New Zealand trade, primarily as cargo brokers. However within a year they were carrying their first passengers and became known as 'The Passengers' Line of Packets'. The discovery of gold in New Zealand in the 1850s led to a increase in passenger numbers. In 1862 the company sent forty-five sailing ships, and in 1863 sixty nine. In 1873, the 'Mongol', an iron screw steamer owned by the company, made the first commercial voyage by a full powered steamer from London to Otago, in only 58 days (sailing took from 74 - 100 days).</p> <p>Shaw and Savill had been in competition with Albion of Glasgow since they set up business, and the two companies had a virtual monopoly on the New Zealand trade. With the creation of the competitive NZ Shipping Company, and the incentive of a subsidy from the colonial government for a direct steam service connecting New Zealand to Britain, the two companies merged to form Shaw Savill and Albion in 1883. In 1884 the White Star line joined forces with SS&A to run a combined service. White Star ships wore both house flags. By the time the Panama Canal was fully operational in 1918, passage time had dropped to 30 days. By 1908 all SS&A sailing ships had been disposed of. SS&A joined the Australia trade from 1905 when they acquired the Aberdeen Line, and in 1934 purchased White Star interests in the Australia line.</p> <p>In the 1939 to 1945 War, over half the fleet was sunk. New ships were built with the post war compensation so that by 1967 the fleet was at it's largest in the company's history. However by the 1970s the world economic climate was changing and the company fortune's waned. The last ship was sold in 1986. The company was eventually taken over by Hamburg Sud, and the UK holding company name is Shaw Savill Holdings Ltd.</p>

• Creator: unknown
• Date made: circa 1951
• Material: wool; synthetic blend; cotton; machine sewn

House flag, Stag Line Ltd (AAA0371)

AAA0371 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>The house flag of Stag Line Ltd, North Shields. A red rectangular flag with the crest of a white stag. The flag is made of a wool and synthetic fibre bunting. It has a cotton hoist and is machine sewn with the motif printed. A rope and toggle is attached. The design dates from 1846 when the company purchased its first vessel, a wooden snow named 'Stag'.</p> <p>The company was named after its first vessel 'Stag', purchased in 1846 by Captain Joseph Robinson. He shortly afterwards formed a management company, Joseph Robinson & Co. The company ran small wooden barques, buying their first steam tramp in 1875 and going over entirely to steam by 1879. From 'Camelia' of 1858 onwards, the company tended to favour flower names for its vessels.</p> <p>A limited company was formed in 1895 but the firm remained in Robinson's hands and was based in North Shields. After some losses during both world wars the company continued to trade worldwide, particularly to Canada. It was also involved in cable laying in New Zealand and the West Indies. The company was taken over by Hunting Gibson Ltd in 1981. The remaining coasters were sold by 1983 and the joint management company went to James Fisher & Sons of Barrow in 1982.</p>

• Creator: unknown
• Date made: circa 1951
• Material: wool; synthetic blend; cotton; machine sewn; painted

House flag, Union Steam Ship Co. of New Zealand Ltd (AAA0398)

AAA0398 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>The house flag of the Union Steam Ship Co. of New Zealand Ltd, Dunedin and London. A red, rectangular flag with a union flag in the centre, surrounded by the white letters 'USS Co'. The flag is made of a wool and synthetic fibre bunting. It has a cotton hoist and is machine sewn. A rope and toggle is attached.</p> <p>James Miller, a manager of the Harbour Steam Consortium in Dunedin, New Zealand, took the opportunity to expand operations on the death of the owner. Following a lack of support in New Zealand his partner John Darling went to Scotland and persuaded Denny shipbuilders of Dumbarton to invest in the new business and build two new steamships for the company. Other Scottish investors came on-board, and together with additional New Zealand interest, the Union Steam Ship Company was born in 1875 with James Miller as managing director. For the next 25 years it expanded and absorbed any competition on the trade routes to Australia, Tasmania, the Pacific Islands and North America to create a near monopoly in both passenger and cargo transport.</p> <p>In its drive to maintain its position, the company invested in coal mining to protect and ensure its coal supplies, and created a thorough system of documentation to ensure efficiency both on shore and on ship. This included the famous Red and Blue Books for masters and pursers which had instructions on what to do in any emergency. They also had a tradition of developing the latest technology for their ships, including the world's first ship to be built of mild steel, the 'Rotomahana' in 1879, and the first vessels to be powered by gas turbine in 1975, the 'Seaway Prince' and 'Princess'.</p> <p>In 1917 the USC was sold to P&O, and the fleet was then controlled from London, though retaining its name and separate structure. In 1972, TNT, headed by Peter Abeles, an Australian transport tycoon, bought back the company from P&O with 50% of the shares guaranteed to be owned by the New Zealand government. The company modernized and moved into container and roll-on/roll-off shipping. In 1996 Brierley Investments Ltd took over and the Australian operation was sold off in 1997. In 2001 the shipping company closed in the face of increased international competition.</p>

• Creator: unknown
• Date made: 1955-67
• Material: wool blend; synthetic blend; cotton; machine sewn

House flag, White Star Line (AAA0408)

AAA0408 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>The house flag of White Star Line. A swallow-tailed red pennant with a five-pointed white star. The flag is made of a wool and synthetic fibre bunting. It has a cotton hoist and is machine sewn. A rope is attached.</p> <p>White Star Line, best known for ownership of the ill-fated 'Titanic', was purchased by Thomas Henry Ismay in 1868 at the time of the company's bankruptcy. White Star Line was founded 23 years earlier to run from the Australian gold fields to Britain. The distinctive house flag, a red burgee with a five-pointed white star, came with the name and was flown on Ismay's ships on the revived service to Australia and New Zealand.</p> <p>In 1869 an association between Liverpool businessmen and Ismay led to the creation of a new steamship company, with ships built by the Belfast firm of Harland and Wolff. The Oceanic Steam Navigation Company became the official name for the White Star Line. These beautiful steamers entered the fiercely competitive world of the transatlantic passenger trade, and later through to India using the Suez Canal. By 1891 White Star Line held the Blue Ribband for the Atlantic, the Pacific, and the New Zealand trades. Speed and their policy of customer comfort meant that by 1900 it was one of the world's most profitable shipping lines.</p> <p>In 1901, after the death of Thomas Ismay, the International Mercantile Marine Company of New Jersey bought the OSNC and it became part of the IMMCO fleet. White Star became the major carrier for the Atlantic run, using new giant liners. The second of these, the 'Titanic', sank on April 15th 1912 with a loss of over 1300 lives and brought about great changes in the safety regulations of ships.</p> <p>In 1927, The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company purchased Oceanic to make it again a British concern. In 1930 they introduced the 'Britannica 111', the first passenger motor vessel on the North Atlantic route. Other motor vessels followed her. Following the depression, White Star formed a combined company with Cunard in 1934 at the instigation of the British Government. Double flags were flown on the new ships until 1957 when Cunard bought out the remaining shares held by White Star and it ceased to exist.</p>

• Creator: unknown
• Date made: circa 1945-54
• Material: wool blend; synthetic blend; cotton; machine sewn

House flag, Huddart Parker Ltd (AAA0261)

AAA0261 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>The house flag of Huddart Parker Ltd, Melbourne. A rectangular, red flag with a blue saltire overall. The letters 'H P' in white are at the sides. The flag is made of a wool and synthetic fibre bunting. It has a cotton hoist and is machine sewn. A rope is attached.</p> <p>The coastal waters around Australia were essential to transport cargo and passengers to develop a nation where most of the population live and work on the coast. The company had its origin when Captain Peter Huddart, master of the ‘Aberfoyle’ set up business in Geelong as a merchant and broker in 1852. By 1876 the business interests of Huddart and T.J. Parker (a Geelong importer and agent) were amalgamated into the firm of Huddart Parker and Company, coal importers and Geelong merchants. Between 1882, when it became a limited company and 1893, the firm entered the trades between Melbourne, Sydney, Tasmania and New Zealand.</p> <p>The supplying of coal from Newcastle (New South Wales) to the growing urban communities played an important part in the trade and successful development of Huddart Parker. In 1890 the offices were moved from Geelong to Melbourne and by 1911 the firm had become a public company. During World War I, five of the company’s vessels were requisitioned for war service.</p> <p>In the inter war years, competition grew from the expanding railways in Australia. However, long distance train journeys were uncomfortable for passengers, many of whom still preferred to travel by sea. When World War II started, Huddart Parker’s fleet comprised nine ships. The fleet included three passenger carriers, namely ‘Zealandia’, ‘Westralia’ and ‘Wanganella’. Respectively, these three vessels saw war service as a troopship, an armed merchant cruiser and a hospital ship. After the war, the surviving ‘Westralia’ and ‘Wanganella’ returned to the coastal passenger trade.</p> <p>However, by the mid 1950s the improving railways were attracting business from the cargo ships and the expanding air services ensured that speed outweighed the comfortable sea passages. Cargo ships became larger and were confined to bulk cargoes between the larger ports. With exception of the Tasman Sea route operating ro-ro vehicle ferries, with a Government subsidy for social reasons, the passenger services ended in 1962 when the ‘Wanganella’ was withdrawn. Huddart Parker was finally taken over by Bitumen and Oil Refineries Australia Limited in October 1961, the ships being taken into the control of McIlwraith McEarcharn Ltd.</p>

• Place made: Melbourne, Australia
• Creator: Gairs
• Date made: circa 1951
• Material: wool blend; synthetic blend; cotton; machine sewn

House flag, Canadian Australasian Line (AAA0186)

AAA0186 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>The house flag of the Canadian Australasian Line, Vancouver. A rectangular white flag with a red saltire. The black sans serif letters 'C' and 'A' are in the side quarters. The flag is made of a wool and synthetic fibre bunting. It has a cotton hoist and is machine sewn. A rope and two Inglefield clips is attached. 'House Kootenay Park' is inscribed on the hoist. 'Kootenay Park' was one of the Second World War 10,000 dry cargo ships built in Canada for management by British Shipping Companies. There were three ships of this name launched between 1942 and 1944.</p> <p>Shipping services on the Sydney-Victoria route were started by James Huddart who formed the Canadian-Australian Steamship Co. in 1893. This company was wound up in 1898 and others took over the services. The Canadian-Australasian Line Ltd was formed jointly by the Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand and Canadian Pacific in 1931. The Union Steam Ship Co. remained as managers. Services ceased in 1941 and recommenced from 1948 until 1953 when the company was wound up.</p>

• Place made: Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
• Creator: Jones Tent and Awning Ltd
• Date made: 1942-47
• Material: wool blend; synthetic blend; cotton; machine sewn

House flag, C. T. Bowring & Co. Ltd (AAA0158)

AAA0158 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>The house flag of C. T. Bowring & Co. Ltd, Liverpool and London. A pale blue swallow-tailed burgee with a white cross. In the centre, there is a blue and white striped diamond with a black bow and arrow motif. The flag is made of a wool and synthetic fibre bunting. The hoist and central motif are made of cotton. The flag is machine sewn. A rope and toggle is attached.</p> <p>The shipping company was started in the 1820s by an English emigrant to Newfoundland, Benjamin Bowring, and its vessels traded across the Atlantic to British ports. In its early days, it shipped cod and seal oil to Liverpool. When Benjamin's son Charles took over the business in 1841, the name of the firm changed to Charles T. Bowring and Company. By the 1860s shipping routes were opened up to India, Australia, New Zealand and the west coast of America.</p> <p>The company also had interests in sealing, petroleum and insurance. It operated the English & American Shipping Company Ltd and Red Cross Line running services across the Atlantic. The latter firm was sold to Furness Withy in 1929. The other company was liquidated in 1919 and re-formed as the Bowring Steamship Company. The company diversified after the First World War and by the 1950s the shipping side of the business concentrated on freight, iron ore and oil.</p>

• Creator: unknown
• Date made: circa 1955
• Material: wool blend; synthetic blend; cotton; machine sewn

House flag, P. Henderson & Co. (AAA0251)

AAA0251 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>The house flag of P. Henderson & Co., Glasgow. A rectangular tricolour in red white and blue with a small Union Flag in the centre. The flag is made of a wool and synthetic fibre bunting with a linen hoist. It is machine sewn, a rope and toggle is attached.</p> <p>P. Henderson & Co, also known as Paddy Anderson & Co was a ship owning and management company based in Glasgow. The company was founded in 1840 as a partnership of Patrick and George Henderson. Initially operating with chartered vessels to Australia and then New Zealand, they moved into ship owning and founded the Albion Line in 1848. After carrying emigrants on the outward run, their ships started having problems finding cargoes on the return trip and began to call at Rangoon. In 1865, with the Denny companies, Henderson and Co established the Irrawaddy Flotilla & Burmese Steam Navigation Co which provided water transport in the interior of Burma. The setting up of the British and Burmese Steam Navigation Co in 1874 followed the opening of the Suez Canal and carried passengers direct to Burma. Albion was sold to Shaw Savill in 1882. A decline of the Burma trade followed independence and Elder Dempster acquired control of the Henderson Line in 1952. The group was acquired by the Ocean Steamship Co in 1965 and two years later, the closure of the Suez Canal ended the Burma services. The last Henderson vessel was sold in 1970.</p>

• Creator: unknown
• Date made: circa 1951
• Material: wool blend; synthetic blend; linen; machine sewn

House flag, Federal Steam Navigation Co. Ltd (AAA0228)

AAA0228 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>The house flag of the Federal Steam Navigation Co. Ltd, London. A rectangular white flag with a red cross overall and a blue rectangle in the centre placed over the cross. The flag is made of a wool and synthetic fibre bunting. It has a cotton hoist and is machine sewn. A rope and toggle is attached.</p> <p>This design was originally the famous house flag of Wigram & Green of Blackwall. A story, probably apocryphal, tells how, in 1824, one of Wigram & Green's ships was ordered to deface their St George's cross flag by the commanding officer at Portsmouth. To avoid confusion with the distinguishing flag of an Admiral of the White, a blue patch from an officer's coat was sewn over the centre.</p> <p>In 1843 the flag was transferred to Money, Wigram & Sons who retained it until 1884 The flag was transferred to the Federal Steam Navigation Company in 1896 via Allan Hughes of Allport & Hughes who had acquired the company assets. In 1895 Allport Hughes amalgamated into Birt, Potter & Hughes who were financially and managerially involved in the formation of Federal Steam Navigation Co. In 1912 it was taken over by New Zealand Shipping Company but continued to trade as a separate firm. The parent company was taken over by P&O line in 1916. In 1973 the remaining ships of the Federal Steam Navigation co. were transferred to P&O.</p>

• Creator: unknown
• Date made: circa 1955-67
• Material: wool; synthetic blend; cotton; machine sewn

House flag, Crusader Shipping Ltd (AAA0205)

AAA0205 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>The house flag of Crusader Shipping Ltd, London. A black swallow-tailed pennant with a shield bearing the cross of St George on a gold sword. The flag is made of a machine sewn, wool and synthetic fibre bunting. The motif and the hoist are made of cotton fabric. A rope and toggle is attached. The crusader's sword and shield in the design were intended by the company to symbolise the launch into a new trade route across the Pacific from New Zealand to the West Coast of USA.</p>

• Creator: unknown
• Date made: 1955-67
• Material: wool blend; synthetic blend; cotton; machine sewn

House flag, Port Line Ltd (AAA0334)

AAA0334 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>The house flag of Port Line Ltd formerly Commonwealth and Dominion Line, London. A rectangular white flag with a blue saltire overall under a red cross. The flag is made of a wool and synthetic fibre bunting. It has a cotton hoist and is machine sewn. A rope and toggle are attached.</p> <p>The Commonwealth and Dominion Line was incorporated in 1914 using the house flag of the Tyser company. The company had 23 ships that were contributed by J.P Corry & Co, WM Milburn & Co. Thos B Royden & Co and Tyser & Co. The company operated services to Australia and New Zealand. In 1916 the share capital of the company was purchased by Cunard and after the war their ship funnels were painted in Cunard colours. Apart from this the company operated independently from the parent company. In November 1937 the official name of the company became Port Line Ltd. The company became a fourth equal with Blue Star Line, New Zealand Shipping Company and Shaw Savill & Albion Lines in Crusader Shipping Ltd to trade between New Zealand, the Far East and the Pacific Coast of North America.</p> <p>The Port Line joined a consortium named Associated Container Transportation Ltd in 1966 and this gradually started the run down and replacement of the M.A.N.Z. Line, which ended in 1969. In 1972 the parent company Cunard was taken over by Trafalgar House Investments Ltd. By 1978 Port Line had become an Integral part of Cunard group and in 1982 the last two Port Line ships were transferred to Brocklebank Line.</p>

• Creator: unknown
• Date made: circa 1951
• Material: wool blend; synthetic blend; cotton; machine sewn

House flag, Blue Star Line Ltd (AAA0152)

AAA0152 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>The house flag of the Blue Star Line Ltd, London. A red swallow-tailed pennant bearing a white disc with a blue five-pointed star (introduced in 1928). The flag is made of a wool and synthetic fibre bunting. It has a cotton hoist and is machine sewn. A rope and toggle is attached.</p> <p>Blue Star Line was originally owned by the brothers William and Edmund Vestey, members of a family of Liverpool grocers. Responding to the development of refrigeration technology, they built up a worldwide food importation business, particularly frozen Chinese eggs and poultry. Blue Star Line was registered on 28 July 1911, its vessels carrying imported frozen meat from South America, particularly Argentina. The line was part of a larger financial empire including retail outlets and cold stores. In 1925 the company entered the South American passenger trade.</p> <p>After the Ottawa Conference, shipping operations were extended to Australia and New Zealand. The Booth Steamship Co. Ltd was purchased in 1946 and in 1967 the South American trade of Donaldson Lines. In 1968 Blue Star Port Lines Management was formed in order to rationalize the two companies' Australasian services. The company was sold to P&O Nedlloyd in 1998, including its name and livery. The last Blue Star vessel 'America Star' was broken up in 2003.</p>

• Creator: unknown
• Date made: circa 1951
• Material: wool; synthetic blend; cotton; machine sewn

Panel

C.65-1973 (Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A))

Veronica Whall (1887–1967) was the daughter of Christopher Whall, the influential Arts and Crafts stained-glass artist who was also a teacher in the progressive art schools of the years around 1900. Whall taught his pupils glass-cutting, painting and leading. They included many women who went on to establish themselves as highly respected stained-glass artists. Veronica was one of them. As early as the age of 13, Veronica contributed a design for a window depicting St Catherine for the Lady Chapel of Gloucester Cathedral. This was her father’s most important commission, begun in 1897. The windows are his acknowledged masterpiece. During the First World War (1914–18) Veronica worked as a designer in her father’s studio. In 1922 she became co-director in the new stained-glass firm of Whall & Whall Ltd. She carried on the business with her brother after their father’s death in 1924. Their commissions included windows for Carlisle and Leicester cathedrals and works for churches in New Zealand and Australia. Veronica Whall described the making of stained glass: ‘The three things technically essential to the making of a stained glass window are glass, lead and light . . . for light is our medium, and light is our colour’. This panel of a trumpeting angel was made about 1925. The scroll contains a passage from the Gospel of St Matthew recounting Jesus Christ’s words at his Ascension: ‘[I am with you] even unto the end of time’.

• Place made: Ravenscourt Park, England
• Creator: Whall, Veronica, born 1887 - died 1970
• Date made: ca. 1925
• Material: Stained and painted glass

Mount Edgcumbe House

(24 Hour Museum)

Mount Edgcumbe House was first built in the 1500s and was rebuilt after World War Two. It is jointly owned by Plymouth City Council and Cornwall County Council and is one of the regions most popular historic tourist destinations. There are 864 acres of parkland and seven miles of spectacular coastline forming the western boundary of Plymouth Sound. A large proportion of the Park is a Grade 1 historic garden, the earliest landscaped park in Cornwall. There are eight acres of colourful formal gardens, laid out in the French, Italian, and English styles, together with new American and New Zealand gardens.

Durham University Botanic Garden

(24 Hour Museum)

This 18-acre garden is set amongst beautiful mature woodlands on the southern outskirts of Durham City. We have plant collections from around the world, including China, Japan, North America, South Africa, New Zealand and Chile, as well as a woodland garden, alpine garden and bamboo grove. In our glasshouses you will find a collection of tropical rainforest plants, desert plants, and more familiar plants from the mediterranean. We also have some tropical bugs, scorpions and tarantulas. In late summer to early spring our arboretum is grazed by our rare breed sheep. There are also various pieces of artwork around the garden. The garden is enjoyed by young and old alike.

Clandon Park (National Trust)

(24 Hour Museum)

Grand 18th-century Palladian mansion: * Two-storey White Marble Hall * Superb collection of Chinese, Meissen and Sèvres Porcelain * Attractive parkland with parterre, grotto and sunken Dutch garden * Unusual Maori meeting house brought over from New Zealand in 1892 * Home to the Queens' Royal Surrey Regiment Museum

Oil on canvas: London Bridge from the South

PLA548 (Museum of London: Exploring 20th Century London)

Dora Meeson's oil painting captures the congestion on London Bridge around 1910. The view looks north and shows the bridge before the construction of the massive Adelaide House. New Zealand-born Meeson studied in London, Melbourne, and Paris before marrying Australian artist George Coates in London in 1903. They lived a bohemian lifestyle in Chelsea while struggling to become part of London's art world. Meeson soon became close friends with key figures in the Women's Social and Political Union (W.S.P.U). In 1907 she wrote that, 'George and I threw ourselves heart and soul into the suffrage movement', using their artistic talents to aid the cause.

• Creator: Meeson, Dora
• Date made: c. 1910

The Marianne North Gallery, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

(24 Hour Museum)

Marianne North was born in Hastings in 1830, the daughter of Frederick North MP. At an early age she revealed a talent for drawing and after the death of her father in 1869, devoted the remainder of her life to flower painting. Miss North travelled widely, often enduring considerable discomfort, in order to paint flowers in their natural habitats. Although she received no formal training in drawing and painting, and was somewhat unconventional in her methods, her work achieved a high level of artistic competence. She painted quicly, often completing a picture in a day. In 1871, she undertook the first of her many journeys, visiting the United States, Canada and Jamaica. She returned to England for a brief period, before setting off for Brazil where she stayed for 8 months and completed over 100 paintings. In 1875, she crossed the American continent on her way to Japan, returning home in 1877 via Sarawak, Java and Sri Lanka. Six months later, she travelled to India, where she stayed for 15 months and produced over 200 paintings. After a successful exhibition of her paintings in a London gallery in 1879, Marianne conceived the idea of presenting them to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. She also generously offered to provide a suitable building in which to display them and asked her friend, the architectural historian, James Fergusson, to design the Gallery. Then, at the suggestion of Charles Darwin, Marianne visited Australia and New Zealand. On her return she spent a year arranging the paintings in the Gallery, which was opened to the public in June 1882. Astonishingly, Miss North embarked on yet further journeys. Just 2 months after the opening of her Gallery, she travelled to South Africa, where many more paintings were undertaken. In 1883, she was in the Seychelles and in 1884, despite ill-health, she was painting plants in Chile. These additional works were added to the Gallery, which today houses 832 of her oil paintings. Marianne North retired to Alderley, Gloucestershire, where she died on 30 August 1890. The centenary of her death was commemorated in the book Marianne North at Kew Gardens.

The MoD: We Were There

(24 Hour Museum)

The Ministry of Defence's We Were There touring exhibition honours the invaluble contribution made by the ethnic minorities to the Armed Forces for more than 200 years. Many of us are aware of the historical contribution made by Gurkhas to the fighting strength of the British Army, and the involvement of troops from Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa during the two World Wars. However far fewer of us know about the contribution made by military and civilian personnel from other parts of the British Empire and Commonwealth; particularly those from Africa, the Indian sub-continent, the rest of Asia (including Hong Kong) and the West Indies. The men and women from these countries served in theatres of war throughout the world, many in the front-line, working as infantrymen, pilots and seamen. Others worked in the essential support services, such as medicine, logistics, transport and labour. This photographic exhibition celebrates the vital yet little known contribution made by these people, the descendants of whom now form part of our richly diverse ethnic population in the United Kingdom. Today, in the Ministry of Defence and in the Armed Forces, we are providing opportunities for people from all sections of the community, and all ethnic origins to join, and to rise within the organisation purely on merit. We have made a great deal of progress in recent years to remove the barriers which used to prevent this happening and to change attitudes, but there is still some way to go. The stories in the exhibition remind us that those who are serving now, and those who will be serving in the future, do so within a proud tradition which deserves greater awareness and respect.

Photograph: New Zealand lamb unloaded at the Royal Albert Docks

HG1931/28 (Museum of London: Exploring 20th Century London)

Dockers unload lamb imported from New Zealand from a ship at the Royal Albert Docks. The Royal Albert mostly handled cargoes of chilled and frozen meat, tobacco and grain.

• Creator: Grant, Henry
• Date made: 1959-10

Bush hat & City Imperial Volunteers

24248 (Museum of London: Exploring 20th Century London)

The City livery companies, merchants, individuals and the Corporation of London sponsored the City Imperial Volunteers who had come from Australia, New Zealand and Canada to help the British forces. The finance fund, which reached £120,000, bought everything from horses to weaponry, tents and uniforms. Each volunteer was issued with a 'wide awake' hat, khaki uniform, puttees (cloth to wind around the lower leg) and a dark leather belt. As the war dragged on and supplies grew scarce, the Boers stole British army uniforms, causing great confusion.

• Date made: 1880-1902

Two types of bat, 1838-1842.;

10436247; (Ingenious)

Engraving by Dougal after a drawing by G G White after an original work by Titian Peale. From 'United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842' by John Cassin, (Philadelphia, 1858). This first US scientific expedition led by Lieutenant Charles Wilkes (1798-1877), visited South America, Samoa, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, the Northwest coast of North America and the China Sea. Its aims were: to improve knowledge of the Pacific, the Hudson's Bay Company's settlements, and the Indian tribes and their allegiances; to explore trading opportunities; to record the flora and fauna encountered and to find a southern continent. The charting of a significant portion of Antarctica was one Wilkes' main achievements.

• Date made: 1842-1858 1-;

Spinetail, South America, c 1832-1836.;

10425548; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by Elizabeth Gould after a drawing by her husband John Gould, from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Olympia Applique (Sconce)

W.678-2001 (Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A))

Mark-Brazier Jones was born in Auckland, New Zealand in 1956 and emigrated to England in the mid 1960s. Along with British designer, Tom Dixon, Brazier-Jones formed the group 'Creative Salvage' in the 1980s, recycling materials to create new pieces of furniture. Designed in 1986, this sconce has been in constant production ever since. This example was made in 2001. It is made of cast, moulded and hand-finished components. The laurel leaf motif is typical of the designer’s work, in its reference to ancient civilizations. Brazier-Jones also likes to experiment with light and here employs glass spheres and domed lenses to create different moods through colour and distortion.

• Place made: Hertfordshire, England (Designed) Hertfordshire, England
• Creator: Brazier-Jones, Mark, born 1956 (designers)
• Date made: 1986 (Designed) 2001
• Material: Steel, copper and glass, cast and hand-finished

Olympia Applique (Sconce)

W.679-2001 (Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A))

Mark-Brazier Jones was born in Auckland, New Zealand in 1956 and emigrated to England in the mid 1960s. Along with British designer, Tom Dixon, Brazier-Jones formed the group 'Creative Salvage' in the 1980s, recycling materials to create new pieces of furniture. This sconce design has been in constant production since 1986 and this example was made in 2001. It is made of cast, moulded and hand-finished components. The laurel leaf motif is typical of the designer's work in its reference tothe ancient civilisations of Greece and Rome. Brazier-Jones also likes to experiment with light and here employs glass spheres and domed lenses to create different moods through colour and distortion.

• Place made: Hertfordshire, England (Designed) Hertfordshire, England
• Creator: Brazier-Jones, Mark, born 1956 (designers)
• Date made: 1986 (Designed) 2001
• Material: Steel, copper and glass, cast and hand-finished

Photograph: Porters unload meat from a ship using elevators and conveyor belts

JA009 (Museum of London: Exploring 20th Century London)

Elevators and electric conveyor belts carry frozen and chilled meat into low-temperature sorting chambers direct from the ship. Handling was kept to a minimum. This cargo probably arrived in the Royal Victoria or Albert Docks where John H Avery recorded the scene. The meat trade was extensive in London, and was described in 1921 as having 'no counterpart … in this or any other country.' Hundreds of thousands of carcasses of lamb and mutton were imported from Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.

• Creator: Avery, John H.
• Date made: 1920-1929

Photograph: Meat porters unload a cargo of mutton from an Australian ship

JA011 (Museum of London: Exploring 20th Century London)

Inside the hold of a ship from Australia, John H Avery photographed meat porters working to remove this cargo of mutton. Frozen meat was stored at 10-15° Fahrenheit in the ship. Mutton and lamb from Australia and New Zealand had to be frozen because of the long journey time. This meat from New South Wales and the crates of butter were taken along conveyor belts to the sorting chamber.

• Creator: Avery, John H.
• Date made: 1905-1925

New Zealand War medal (obverse)

000-100-005-931-C (National Museums of Scotland)

Wairoa Volunteers (New Zealand) - New Zealand War medal, 1869, awarded to J.H. Erskine

• Creator: J.H. Erskine (Owner) Wairoa Volunteers (New Zealand) (Non-British forces, inc. Imperial and Colonial)
• Date made: 1869
• Dimensions: 89 mm H x 42 mm max W

Medals, awarded to Lieutenant Oliver Goldsmith for Relief of Lucknow

000-100-014-122-C (National Museums of Scotland)

93rd Highlanders / New Zealand 50th Regiment - Two medals for the Relief of Lucknow, awarded to Lieutenant Oliver Goldsmith

• Place made: New Zealand
• Creator: 93rd Highlanders (British land forces) Lieutenant Oliver Goldsmith (Owner) New Zealand 50th Regiment (Non-British forces, inc.)
• Date made: 19th century
• Dimensions: 84 mm H x 42 mm max W / 89 mm H x 37 mm max W
• Material: Inscription: Relief of Lucknow

Four types of house, New Holland and New Zealand, 1826-1829.;

10421245; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by de Langlume, drawn and painted by de Sainson, showing dwellings in what is now Australia (top), and New Zealand (bottom), with their heights: Port of King George, three feet; Jervis Bay, (south of Sydney), six feet; Astrolabe Strait, three feet; and Torrens Strait, four feet. Illustration from 'Voyage de decouvertes de 'l'Astrolabe': execute par ordre du roi, pendant les annees 1826-1827-1828-1829' by French navigator Jules-Sebastien-Cesar Dumont d'Urville (1790-1842), published in Paris in 1833. The book, (in English, 'Voyage of discovery of the 'Astrolabe': undertaken by order of the king, during the years 1826-1829'), is an account of a scientific expedition to the Pacific. Illustration from the atlas section of the book.

• Date made: 1833- 1-;

Hairdryer case

2002.47/2 (Museum of London: Exploring 20th Century London)

This Ormond electric hairdryer case was bought by the donor from a flea market in New Zealand. It was made in Clerkenwell, London by the Ormond Engineering Company Ltd. The dryer may have been made specifically for export to New Zealand, or taken into the country by someone emigrating from England.

• Place made: Clerkenwell, London
• Creator: Ormond Engineering Company Limited
• Date made: 1935-1955

Programme: New Features

82.232/333b (Museum of London: Exploring 20th Century London)

For George V's coronation year of 1911, White City became a celebration of empire with exhibits relating to all Britain's colonies including India, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. As a private enterprise, White City was financially dependent on visitor income. The exhibition opened at 9am and closed at 11pm. Adult visitors were charged 1shilling (12p) entrance; children's tickets were half that price.

• Date made: 1911

Poster: The Empire Needs Men

59.74/5 (Museum of London: Exploring 20th Century London)

The Parliamentary Recruiting Committee produced this First World War poster. Designed by Arthur Wardle, the poster urges men from countries of the British Empire to enlist in the British army. Described as 'Young Lions', men from Canada, India, New Zealand and Australia are encouraged to help Britain, the 'Old Lion', defeat its enemies. During both world wars, large numbers of men throughout the empire volunteered to fight for Britain. Almost half the number of servicemen and women who fought in the First World War were volunteers from India, Africa, the Caribbean, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. In the Second World War, the number of volunteers increased.

• Creator: Wardle, Arthur
• Date made: 1915

Man lighting a cigarette for a woman in a boat, 1950;

1997-5002_11459; (Ingenious)

A photograph of a man lighting a cigarette for a woman sitting in a boat, taken by Photographic Advertising Limited in 1950. This photograph was sold to the magazine 'Woman's Illustrated', and for use in Holland and New Zealand. Photographic Advertising Limited was founded in 1926 by a group experienced in photojournalism and film. The company created multi-purpose stock images with the potential for selling a range of products. Whilst enjoying its greatest success during the 1930s, it continued in business until 1977. Photographic Advertising Limited's trademark, the staged studio photograph resembling a film still, was its selling point and, later, its downfall. Sophisticated, adaptable and generic, this kind of image gradually fell out of favour as clients increasingly demanded targeted advertising campaigns with specific photographs.

• Date made: 1950;

Woman having a bubble bath, 1950;

1997-5002_11401; (Ingenious)

A photograph of a woman having a bubble bath, taken by Photographic Advertising Limited in 1950. This popular image was sold around the world to agencies in Denmark, Belgium and New Zealand, as well as to 'Wife and Home' magazine. In 1960 it was used by Tottenham Council, London, to advertise their public baths. Photographic Advertising Limited was founded in 1926 by a group experienced in photojournalism and film. The company created multi-purpose stock images with the potential for selling a range of products. Whilst enjoying its greatest success during the 1930s, it continued in business until 1977. Photographic Advertising Limited's trademark, the staged studio photograph resembling a film still, was its selling point and, later, its downfall. Sophisticated, adaptable and generic, this kind of image gradually fell out of favour as clients increasingly demanded targeted advertising campaigns with specific photographs.

• Date made: 1950;

Copper token (reverse) for the Royal Infirmary for Children, Glasgow

000-190-000-921-C (National Museums of Scotland)

Wairoa Volunteers (New Zealand) - New Zealand War medal, 1869, awarded to J.H. Erskine Trade token of the Royal Infirmary, Glasgow

• Place made: Scotland, Lanarkshire, Glasgow | NS 636 662
• Creator: J.H. Erskine (Owner) Royal Infirmary (Issuer) Wairoa Volunteers (New Zealand) (Non-British forces, inc. Imperial and Colonial)
• Date made: 1869 19th century
• Dimensions: 32 mm Dia 89 mm H x 42 mm max W

Post Office 332 telephone, 1938. ;

10240902; (Ingenious)

This black bakelite telephone belongs to the 300 series produced by the British Post Office. It combines the case designed and developed in Scandinavia (including an integral bell) with the Neophone's handset and drawer for dialling codes and personal numbers. Because the sloping front resembles a dish for cheese it was nicknamed the 'cheese dish' telephone. In general use from 1937 until the 1960s, these telephones were exported to Australia, India, New Zealand, South Africa and many other countries. The design was also adopted in Europe and the United States.

• Date made: - 1938-;

The Parting Cheer (ZBA4022)

ZBA4022 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>This large-scale painting, both ambitious and complex in conception, is the key mid-19th century image addressing emigration. Rich in interpretative material, it focuses on the reactions of those left behind on shore. The scene is set along the Thames although the artist has deliberately denied a precise geographical location. Groups of figures, in a mix of gender and social class, are shown on the quayside as an emigrant ship departs on the far right. Red and blue shirted sailors are shown cheering from the deck of the ship and from the sides of the rigging. They wave hats and arms or stretch out to maintain the links with shore for as long as possible. Partly in shadow, a group of emigrants look out from the deck below. They are subdued in contrast to the scene around them. Some wave handkerchiefs towards the people on the quay, but are otherwise passive participants of the scene on the shore. A steam-tug guides the emigrant ship away from land; its red funnel spewing out the dark smoke, which spreads over the scene. The increasing expanse of water on the right places a physical separation between the ship and the quay.</p> <p>The Saturday Review wrote of the painting, 'Never, perhaps, do Englishmen so thoroughly throw off their reserve as on the occasion of such a parting, and we doubt whether the varied forms of demonstrative grief here expressed are at all exaggerated’. In front of the picture, a crowd of relatives, friends and onlookers variously react to the departing ship. On the far left, a retired Thames lighter-man leans on a capstan. He smokes a pipe as he observes the scene. In front of him is a small careworn girl holding a basket of oranges. Looking wistfully towards the departing ship, she is recognizable from the author and social reformer Henry Mayhew’s volumes, ‘London Labour and London Poor’, as itinerant and Irish. Mayhew exposed the harsh lives of the young street fruit sellers, which began at around the age of seven. On the far left of the painting in the foreground is a woman with two small children. She may be the wife of one of the departing sailors, who, deprived of support, is left alone with two small children. Her plight is emphasized by the child’s muddy skirt, imploring eyes and the abandoned stance of the younger sleeping child.</p> <p>In the back of the crowd on the left, a black man waves his hat towards the departing ship. His presence suggests harmony between ethnic groups, demonstrated by positioning his profile next to that of the white girl with a red scarf. 1861 was the year of the American Civil War and so O’Neil’s inclusion of a black man in the crowd consciously demonstrates his support for the anti-slavery movement and harmony between ethnic groups. His highly significant inclusion represents both immigration and emigration as he signals towards the migrants on the ship.</p> <p>In the centre foreground is a widow dressed in black mourning dress and a hat with a delicate lace veil. She faces to the right with her head turned away so that her face is not visible. She weeps into a white lace bordered handkerchief, presumably at the loss of a loved one sailing away on the ship. She is comforted by a young fashionably dressed girl with a purple shawl and wearing a straw hat decorated with roses and with a yellow ribbon tied under her chin. She has one hand on the widow’s back and holds the widow’s left hand in hers. A small, affluently dressed boy, wearing a tam o’shanter hat with a red ribbon and a belted tunic, also comforts the widow. He holds her right hand in his left while his right hand holds the arm of the younger woman. This trio unite to form a circle of touching hands and mutual comfort, endorsed by the presence of the Cairn terrier with a yellow collar. Representing faithfulness, cheerfulness and loyalty, it looks up at the grieving widow as a source of comfort.</p> <p>Immediately behind this group is a woman burying her head in a handkerchief. Bareheaded, and with her hair neatly tied in a bun, she wears a plain grey dress with an orange shawl around her shoulder. Her right arm is around the neck of the man behind her who comforts her in return. In her distress, she has turned away, unable to look at the departing ship. Contemporary accounts described this couple as a town bred, pale-faced brother comforting his sister as she mourns the departure of her departing lover.</p> <p>In the foreground to the right in front of the widow is a young woman whose abandoned stance indicates she may be saying goodbye to one of the sailors. The artist has carefully detailed her appearance and clothes, including the lining of her pocket. Unaccompanied, she has unkempt hair and wears a dress of coarse fabric. She uses the corner of her apron as a handkerchief, which reinforces her lowly status. Towards the centre back of the crowd, a baby clutching a Union flag is held aloft in the arms of the father, while the mother looks on. With rolled up sleeves, the man represents the honesty of labour, while the baby has ruddy cheeks and a well-fed appearance. These features indicate that they may be a family from the countryside. Certainly many country dwellers emigrated during this period, to seek a better life abroad. The sailor in the red shirt in the foreground on the right with rolled up sleeves endorses the theme of trustworthiness and endeavour. Other figures in the crowd wave flags, red spotted handkerchiefs, hats and walking sticks. These were recognisable last links with home from on board the rapidly departing ship. O’Neil attempted to invest his paintings with an emotional intensity that conveyed sentiments appropriate to the narrative. Mid-Victorian audiences navigated their way around paintings such as ‘The Parting Cheer’ by using recognisable figures with the crowd as narrative signposts. They could readily identify social types and the differences present in the meticulously detailed costume and the range of human responses. In the painting children provide key access points into the narrative and highlight the range of social mix. They provide a source of comfort and solace, acting as affirmation of the continuity of the next generation. The men on shore stoically support the grieving women and the artist uses touching, as a source of solace, both tender and poignant.</p> <p>O’Neil’s image reflects the urban stratification of the metropolitan crowd, with middle and working classes united in a display of grief. People emigrated to seek a better life overseas. Although many went to Australia, New Zealand and Canada, the greatest number sought a new life in America. The emigrants in this painting were probably sailing to North America. The Thames is shown as an industrial landscape, with smoking chimneys and a forest of ships’ masts. This scene of encroaching industrialisation is redolent with the belching smoke of factory chimneys and the steam tug. Such alienating effects of modernity underscore the historical reasons for mass migration.</p> <p>The main part of the painting concentrating on the crowd is highly detailed and smoothly painted. To artists such as O’Neil the absence of impasto or visible brushstrokes was a highly admired technique, although the figures on the departing ship are sketchier and lack the high finish of the rest of the image. O’Neil also produced a small contemporaneous simplified version of the painting. This primary version was the only painting submitted by O’Neil to the Royal Academy in 1861. The painting is signed and dated lower right, ‘Henry O’Neil 1861’.</p> <p>The painting has been purchased with the very generous assistance of the Heritage Lottery Fund, National Art Collections Fund and the Friends of the NMM.</p>

• Creator: Henry Nelson O'Neil
• Date made: 1861
• Material: oil; canvas

Portable altazimuth telescope (AST0963)

AST0963 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>This axis-view altazimuth instrument was acquired by the Royal Observatory in 1866 and went to New Zealand for the 1874 Transit of Venus expedition, where the astronomers knew it as 'the brass beast'. An altazimuth instrument is a telescope with scales and mounting that allow both local coordinates - the altitude and the azimuth - of a star to be measured without the need of any additional apparatus. The telescope has its own fitted wooden box. The telescope is made of brass and has a focal length of 26 inches (66 cm), a lens aperture of 1.5 inches (3.8 cm), and an overall length of axis of 18 inches (45 cm). The diameter of the setting circles is 18 inches (45 cm).</p>

• Place made: London, England
• Creator: Troughton & Simms
• Date made: 1866
• Material: brass; silver; glass

Terrestrial hand globe (GLB0008)

GLB0008 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial hand globe. Geographical details on the sphere show Australia and New Zealand drawn according to the Dutch discoveries. A dotted line marks a hypothetical north-east, east, and south coast of Australia. There are no tracks but the lands seen by Quiros and Davis are marked. A total of three oceans are named. For full details about the cartography and construction of this globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: Paris, France
• Creator: Jean Fortin
• Date made: 1770
• Material: plaster; wood; paper; metal; compressed cardboard; varnish; laquer; gilt; copper plate engraved; hand-coloured

badge, higher formation, Headquarters 15th Army Group & HQ Allied Armies Italy (AAI)

INS 5022 (Imperial War Museum)

Second World War Allied Higher formation badge for Allied Headquarters 15th Army Group (and, subsequently, HQ Allied Armies Italy [AAI]), embroidered on felt, 2in square. IWM staff notes on the item indicate that the design derives from the arms of the Medici or Sforzia families. The badge was 'sponsored' by Field Marshal Lord Alexander, its first commander. Formation note: following the Casablanca Conference decision (January 1943) to invade Sicily, Eisenhower as Supreme Commander Allied Forces was ordered to set up a separate headquarters for planning and eventual command of the operation. This was formally set up at Algiers on 12 February 1943 under the code name of Force 141 (the number of the hotel room where the first meeting had been held). It became a full command headquarters at the end of the Tunisian campaign in May when HQ 18th Army Group was deactivated and re-designated Force 141. The new HQ was commanded by General Alexander and was to command all land forces in the Sicily, and later Italian, operations. Force 141 became 15th Army Group on D-Day for the invasion of Sicily (Operation Husky), 12 July 1943. On the same day Force 343 became 7th US Army, and Force 545 became 8th British Army. (The HQ's ordinal definition was derived from a simple arithmetic 'sum': 7 + 8 = 15, hence 15th Army Group). It underwent three further changes of name. On 11 January 1944 it became HQ Land Forces in Italy, on 18 January HQ Allied Central Mediterranean Force and finally, on 9 March Allied Armies Italy. It retained this badge throughout. The Army Group comprised American, British, Brazilian, South African, New Zealand, Polish, Palestinian and Italian troops. It was this formation which pierced the Gothic Line, in the winter of 1944/45 crossed the Appenines and in the spring of 1945 drove up the Po valley and reached Trieste. The Germans surrendered to Mark Clark, its then commander.

• Material: On a white shield, three wavy blue lines, all on a dark red square. A pair.

Browning Pattern 1910 (AAA2422)

AAA2422 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Automatic pistol owned by Admiral of the Fleet, the Viscount Jellicoe 1859-1935. The stock is made of blued steel with rubber grips. The butt incorporates the magazine which holds seven cartridges. The back of the slide is vertically fluted on both sides to afford a grip when cocking. The lock is semi- automatic, blow-back with automatic ejection. Rounds are thrust upward into the breech by this magazine spring when the action is to the rear. After cocking for the first round, the weapon is automatically reloaded. The barrel is steel, and for the most part enclosed within the slide. The calibre is 0.32in. The pistol is inscribed 'FABRIQUE NATIONALE D'ARMES de GUERRE HERSTAL BELGIQUE BROWNING'S PATENT DEPOSE' with proof marks on the left side slide and action, and '177325' (serial number).</p> <p>John Rushworth Jellicoe entered the Navy in 1872; Midshipman 1874; Sub Lieutenant 1878; Lieutenant 1880; Commander 1891; Captain 1897; Rear Admiral 1907; Vice Admiral 1911; Admiral 1915; Admiral of the Fleet 1919; Died 1935. Admiral Jellicoe was given command of Grand Fleet in 1914 and led it against the German High Sea Fleet at the battle of Jutland in May 1916. He gave up command the following November and became First Sea Lord. He ceased to be First Sea Lord in 1917 and was created Viscount of Scapa the same year. From 1920-1924 he was Governor of New Zealand. He became First Earl Jellicoe and Viscount Brocas of Southampton in 1925. His uniform and decorations are also in the NMM together with his City of London presentation sword <a href= "/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=WPN1231" title= "Presentation Sword - ">WPN1231</a>.</p>

• Place made: Belgium
• Creator: Fabrique Nationale d'Armes de Guerre SA
• Date made: 1910
• Material: steel; rubber; wood

Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe (GLB0013)

GLB0013 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe. Geographical details on the terrestrial sphere show the location of the 'Antipodes to London'. Trade winds are indicated by lines between the tropics; California is drawn as an island. Australia is drawn according to the Dutch discoveries, but the label 'New Zeland' is assigned to Tasmania (New Zealand itself is not drawn). The Dampier Strait is labelled, 'Dampiers Str'. There is no hypothetical southern continent but inside the Antarctic Circle there is a label, 'Incognita'. There is a quotation in Latin around the North Pole. The tracks of Drake's voyage of circumnavigation are marked.</p> <p>There is an inaccurate quotation near the North Pole which in translation should read: 'To what extremes will you not drive the hearts of men, accurst hunger for gold!' A total of three oceans are named.</p> <p>Astronomical details on the inside of the case include a labelled magnitude table in front of Ursa Major. A total of 22 stars and three star groups are named. The 48 Ptolemaic constellations and two of the non-Ptolemaic constellations are drawn. There are two of the southern constellations, as well as those of Plancius and one of Hevelius. The copper plates of the celestial gores were used later by Senex, see <a href= "/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0035" title= "Miniature globe - Celestial miniature globe">GLB0035</a>, and then by Adams, see <a href="/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0052" title= "Pocket globe - Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe">GLB0052</a> and <a href="/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0014" title= "Pocket globe - Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe">GLB0014</a>. For full details about the cartography and construction of this globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: London, England
• Creator: Charles Price;
• Date made: circa 1710
• Material: papier mache; plaster; paper; metal; wood; shark skin; copper plate engraved; varnish; hand-coloured

badge, formation, 9th Armoured Brigade & 9th Independent Armoured Brigade (TA)

INS 6087 (Imperial War Museum)

Second World War British Army formation badge for 9th Armoured Brigade (and, after May 1947, 9th Independent Armoured Brigade TA), in printed cloth, H 2.5in x W 2.8in. This particular item may not have been an issue badge as the design appears to have been hand-painted on material that might not lend itself to sewing to a uniform. As such, it may be a prototype or have been produced for other purposes. The badge design made reference to the cavalry origins of the formation, being part of 1st Cavalry Division and composed of two Yeomanry and one regular cavalry regiments. Examples of the badge exist without the domed top. Formation note: the 9th Armoured Brigade was formed on 3 August 1941 by the adaptation of 4th Cavalry Brigade (horsed) following the conversion of 1st Cavalry Division to armour. It served under several commands until 19 March 1942 when it was reorganized as an independent armoured brigade group. During this period it fought as the armoured element of the 2nd New Zealand Division at El Alamein. Back in Egypt, the Brigade reverted to a standard armoured brigade organization on 12 November 1942 before returning Syria and Palestine. Here it again converted to an independent brigade group. The Brigade was deployed to Italy at the beginning of May 1944 where it fought until the end of the campaign. Brigade personnel were flown back to the UK in mid-August 1945 to be trained for operations in the Far East but the war against Japan ended before they could be deployed. The Brigade adopted the same badge when it was reformed in May 1947 on the reconstitution of the Territorial Army (TA).

• Material: A white horse on a green background. This example faces left.

Phillip's Economic Computer, 1949.;

10303577; (Ingenious)

Lower left detail of Phillip's Economic Computer, the machine conceived by Bill Phillips (1914-1975), a New Zealand-born engineer turned economist. Phillips designed the machine to demonstrate in a visual way the circular flow of money within the economy. Approximately fourteen machines were built, and this particular machine was used as a teaching aid at the London School of Economics. It ran until May 1992.

• Date made: - 1949-;

Phillip's Economic Computer, 1949.;

10303576; (Ingenious)

Upper detail of Phillip's Economic Computer, the machine conceived by Bill Phillips (1914-1975), a New Zealand-born engineer turned economist. Phillips designed the machine to demonstrate in a visual way the circular flow of money within the economy. Approximately fourteen machines were built, and this particular machine was used as a teaching aid at the London School of Economics. It ran until May 1992. Side lit.

• Date made: - 1949-;

Doron Swade and the Phillip's Economic Computer, 1990s.;

10303579; (Ingenious)

Close-up of Doron Swade, senior curator of computing and information technology at the Science Museum, London, with the Phillip's Economic Computer, built in 1949. The machine was conceived by Bill Phillips (1914-1975), a New Zealand-born engineer turned economist. Phillips designed the machine to demonstrate in a visual way the circular flow of money within the economy. Approximately fourteen machines were built, and this particular machine was used as a teaching aid at the London School of Economics. It ran until May 1992.

• Date made: - 1949-;

Doron Swade and the Phillip's Economic Computer, 1990s.;

10303578; (Ingenious)

Doron Swade, senior curator of computing and information technology at the Science Museum, London, with the Phillip's Economic Computer, built in 1949. The machine was conceived by Bill Phillips (1914-1975), a New Zealand-born engineer turned economist. Phillips designed the machine to demonstrate in a visual way the circular flow of money within the economy. Approximately fourteen machines were built, and this particular machine was used as a teaching aid at the London School of Economics. It ran until May 1992.

• Date made: - 1949-;

playing cards, British

EPH 1395 (Imperial War Museum)

Pack of playing cards by Thomas de la Rue and Company Limited, Second World War period, bearing the imprint of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St John War Organisation. The pack was found on board the troopship SS Orion after New Zealand troops (ex-prisoners of war) disembarked at Wellington in September 1945.

• Creator: Thomas de La Rue & Co Ltd
• Material: set of playing cards, complete, fair condition.

Goose, South America, c 1832-1836.;

10425574; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by Elizabeth Gould after a drawing by her husband John Gould, from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 -;

Exotic bird, 1838-1842.;

10436276; (Ingenious)

Engraving by W H Dougal after an original work by Titian Peale. From 'United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842' by John Cassin, (Philadelphia, 1858). This first US scientific expedition led by Lieutenant Charles Wilkes (1798-1877), visited South America, Samoa, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, the Northwest coast of North America and the China Sea. Its aims were: to improve knowledge of the Pacific, the Hudson's Bay Company's settlements, and the Indian tribes and their allegiances; to explore trading opportunities; to record the flora and fauna encountered and to find a southern continent. The charting of a significant portion of Antarctica was one Wilkes' main achievements.

• Date made: 1842-1858 1-;

Thrush, c 1832-1836.;

10425535; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by Elizabeth Gould after a drawing by her husband John Gould, from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Opossum, c 1832-1836.;

10425520; (Ingenious)

Plate from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Pair of birds, c 1832-1836.;

10425531; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by Elizabeth Gould after a drawing by her husband John Gould, from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Bird of prey, 1838-1842.;

10436257; (Ingenious)

Engraving by Dougal after an original work by Titian Peale. From 'United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842' by John Cassin, (Philadelphia, 1858). This first US scientific expedition led by Lieutenant Charles Wilkes (1798-1877), visited South America, Samoa, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, the Northwest coast of North America and the China Sea. Its aims were: to improve knowledge of the Pacific, the Hudson's Bay Company's settlements, and the Indian tribes and their allegiances; to explore trading opportunities; to record the flora and fauna encountered and to find a southern continent. The charting of a significant portion of Antarctica was one Wilkes' main achievements.

• Date made: 1842-1858 1-;

Two wolves, North America, 1838-1842.;

10436249; (Ingenious)

Engraving by Rawdon, Wright Hatch & Edson after an original work by Titian Peale. Two wolves found in Oregon Territory; on the right is the Mackenzie Valley wolf. From 'United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842' by John Cassin, (Philadelphia, 1858). This first US scientific expedition led by Lieutenant Charles Wilkes (1798-1877), visited South America, Samoa, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, the Northwest coast of North America and the China Sea. Its aims were: to improve knowledge of the Pacific, the Hudson's Bay Company's settlements, and the Indian tribes and their allegiances; to explore trading opportunities; to record the flora and fauna encountered and to find a southern continent.

• Date made: 1842-1858 1-;

Pair of birds with yellow plumage, c 1832-1836.;

10425569; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by Elizabeth Gould after a drawing by her husband John Gould, from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Curlew, 1838-1842.;

10436278; (Ingenious)

Engraving by Dougal after a drawing by W E Hitchcock. From 'United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842' by John Cassin, (Philadelphia, 1858). This first US scientific expedition led by Lieutenant Charles Wilkes (1798-1877), visited South America, Samoa, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, the Northwest coast of North America and the China Sea. Its aims were: to improve knowledge of the Pacific, the Hudson's Bay Company's settlements, and the Indian tribes and their allegiances; to explore trading opportunities; to record the flora and fauna encountered and to find a southern continent. The charting of a significant portion of Antarctica was one Wilkes' main achievements.

• Date made: 1842-1858 1-;

Pair of Large Ground Finches, Galapagos Islands, c 1832-1836.;

10425560; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by Elizabeth Gould after a drawing by her husband John Gould, from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands where these finches were found, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Player scorpionfish, c 1832-1836.;

10425578; (Ingenious)

Lithograph after a drawing by Waterhouse Hawkins from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters where this scorpionfish was caught. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Mouse, c 1832-1836.;

10425511; (Ingenious)

Plate from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Finch, c 1832-1836.;

10425564; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by Elizabeth Gould after a drawing by her husband John Gould, from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Pair of Cactus Finches, Galapagos Islands, c 1832-1836.;

10425566; (Ingenious)

Plate after John Gould from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations of the Galapagos finches and other species contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Mouse, Tierra del Fuego, South America, c 1832-1836.;

10425516; (Ingenious)

Plate from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Grey leaf-eared mouse, South America, c 1832-1836.;

10425510; (Ingenious)

Plate from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Voles and mole, North America, 1838-1842.;

10436250; (Ingenious)

Engraving by Dougal after an original work by Titian Peale. From 'United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842' by John Cassin, (Philadelphia, 1858). This first US scientific expedition led by Lieutenant Charles Wilkes (1798-1877), visited South America, Samoa, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, the Northwest coast of North America and the China Sea. Its aims were: to improve knowledge of the Pacific, the Hudson's Bay Company's settlements, and the Indian tribes and their allegiances; to explore trading opportunities; to record the flora and fauna encountered and to find a southern continent. The charting of a significant portion of Antarctica was one Wilkes' main achievements.

• Date made: 1842-1858 1-;

Turkey vulture, Chile, 1838-1842.;

10436254; (Ingenious)

Engraving by Dougal after G G White, from the section on mammology and ornithology in 'United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842' by John Cassin, (Philadelphia, 1858). This first US scientific expedition led by Lieutenant Charles Wilkes (1798-1877), visited South America, Samoa, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, the Northwest coast of North America and the China Sea. Its aims were: to improve knowledge of the Pacific, the Hudson's Bay Company's settlements, and the Indian tribes and their allegiances; to explore trading opportunities; to record the flora and fauna encountered and to find a southern continent. The charting of a significant portion of Antarctica was one Wilkes' main achievements.

• Date made: 1842-1858 1-;

Darwin's mouse, c 1832-1836.;

10425512; (Ingenious)

Plate from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Perch, c 1832-1836.;

10425575; (Ingenious)

Lithograph after a drawing by Waterhouse Hawkins from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Bird with curved beak, c 1832-1836.;

10425543; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by Elizabeth Gould after a drawing by her husband John Gould, from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Straight-billed reedhaunter, Argentina, c 1832-1836.;

10425550; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by Elizabeth Gould after a drawing by her husband John Gould, from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Water-tyrant, c 1832-1836.;

10425534; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by Elizabeth Gould after a drawing by her husband John Gould, from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Finch, c 1832-1836.;

10425557; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by Elizabeth Gould after a drawing by her husband John Gould, from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Three types of volutes or sea molluscs, 1837-1840.;

10423835; (Ingenious)

Engraving after Jacquinot and Oudart of shellfish from New Zealand and Indonesia. From the atlas section of 'Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Oceanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zelee, pendant les annees 1837-1838-1839-1840' by French navigator Jules-Sebastien-Cesar Dumont d'Urville, (1790-1842), published in Paris, 1842-1853. This work, in English 'Voyage to the South Pole and Oceania on the corvettes Astrolabe and Zelee, during the years 1837-1840', was the account of a scientific expedition to study the geography, geology, anthropology and natural history of the region. During the voyage Dumont d'Urville claimed Adelie Land in Antarctica. He died in the first railway crash in Versailles two years later.

• Date made: 1842-1853 1-;

Galapagos Dove, Galapagos Islands, c 1832-1836.;

10425570; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by Elizabeth Gould after a drawing by her husband John Gould, from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Mockingbird, Galapagos Islands, c 1832-1836.;

10425540; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by Elizabeth Gould after a drawing by her husband John Gould, from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands where this mockingbird was found, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Three types of robin and a white-eye, 1838-1842.;

10436260; (Ingenious)

Engraving by Dougal after an original work by Titian Peale. From 'United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842' by John Cassin, (Philadelphia, 1858). This first US scientific expedition led by Lieutenant Charles Wilkes (1798-1877), visited South America, Samoa, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, the Northwest coast of North America and the China Sea. Its aims were: to improve knowledge of the Pacific, the Hudson's Bay Company's settlements, and the Indian tribes and their allegiances; to explore trading opportunities; to record the flora and fauna encountered and to find a southern continent. The charting of a significant portion of Antarctica was one Wilkes' main achievements.

• Date made: 1842-1858 1-;

Blue and yellow tanager, South America, c 1832-1836.;

10425558; (Ingenious)

Plate after John Gould from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Samoan flying fox, 1838-1842.;

10436248; (Ingenious)

Engraving by Rawdon, Wright Hatch & Edson after an original work by Titian Peale. From 'United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842' by John Cassin, (Philadelphia, 1858). This first US scientific expedition led by Lieutenant Charles Wilkes (1798-1877), visited South America, Samoa, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, the Northwest coast of North America and the China Sea. Its aims were: to improve knowledge of the Pacific, the Hudson's Bay Company's settlements, and the Indian tribes and their allegiances; to explore trading opportunities; to record the flora and fauna encountered and to find a southern continent. The charting of a significant portion of Antarctica was one Wilkes' main achievements.

• Date made: 1842-1858 1-;

Pair of Warbler Finches, Galapagos Islands, c 1832-1836.;

10425568; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by Elizabeth Gould after a drawing by her husband John Gould, from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Two types of cuckoo, 1838-1842.;

10436269; (Ingenious)

Engraving by McRae after an original work by Titian Peale. From 'United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842' by John Cassin, (Philadelphia, 1858). This first US scientific expedition led by Lieutenant Charles Wilkes (1798-1877), visited South America, Samoa, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, the Northwest coast of North America and the China Sea. Its aims were: to improve knowledge of the Pacific, the Hudson's Bay Company's settlements, and the Indian tribes and their allegiances; to explore trading opportunities; to record the flora and fauna encountered and to find a southern continent. The charting of a significant portion of Antarctica was one Wilkes' main achievements.

• Date made: 1842-1858 1-;

Grey-bellied shrike-tyrant, c 1832-1836.;

10425536; (Ingenious)

Plate after John Gould from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Vegetarian Finch, Galapagos Islands, c 1832-1836.;

10425565; (Ingenious)

Plate after John Gould from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations of the Galapagos finches and other species contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Two types of parrot, Fiji, 1838-1842.;

10447557; (Ingenious)

Engraving by T House after an original work by Titian Peale. From 'United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842' by John Cassin, (Philadelphia, 1858). This first US scientific expedition led by Lieutenant Charles Wilkes (1798-1877), visited South America, Samoa, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, the Northwest coast of North America and the China Sea. Its aims were: to improve knowledge of the Pacific, the Hudson's Bay Company's settlements, and the Indian tribes and their allegiances; to explore trading opportunities; to record the flora and fauna encountered and to find a southern continent. The charting of a significant portion of Antarctica was one Wilkes' main achievements.

• Date made: 1842-1858 -;

Fiji goshawk, 1838-1842.;

10436255; (Ingenious)

Engraving by Rawdon, Wright Hatch & Edson after an original work by Titian Peale. Above is an adult female, below is a young male. From 'United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842' by John Cassin, (Philadelphia, 1858). This first US scientific expedition led by Lieutenant Charles Wilkes (1798-1877), visited South America, Samoa, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, the Northwest coast of North America and the China Sea. Its aims were: to improve knowledge of the Pacific, the Hudson's Bay Company's settlements, and the Indian tribes and their allegiances; to explore trading opportunities; to record the flora and fauna encountered and to find a southern continent. The charting of a significant portion of Antarctica was one Wilkes' main achievements.

• Date made: 1842-1858 1-;

Snowy petrel, 1838-1842.;

10436281; (Ingenious)

Engraving by Rawdon, Wright Hatch & Edson after an original work by Titian Peale. From 'United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842' by John Cassin, (Philadelphia, 1858). This first US scientific expedition led by Lieutenant Charles Wilkes (1798-1877), visited South America, Samoa, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Hawaii, the Northwest coast of North America and the China Sea. Its aims were: to improve knowledge of the Pacific, the Hudson's Bay Company's settlements, and the Indian tribes and their allegiances; to explore trading opportunities; to record the flora and fauna encountered and to find a southern continent. The charting of a significant portion of Antarctica was one Wilkes' main achievements.

• Date made: 1842-1858 1-;

Bird, c 1832-1836.;

10425544; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by Elizabeth Gould after a drawing by her husband John Gould, from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Pampas cat, South America, c 1832-1836.;

10425498; (Ingenious)

Plate from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

Becard birds, South America, c 1832-1836.;

10425539; (Ingenious)

Lithograph by Elizabeth Gould after a drawing by her husband John Gould, from 'The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle', published in London, 1839-1843, and edited by the British originator of evolutionary theory Charles Darwin (1809-1882). Darwin was naturalist on 'HMS Beagle' during its voyage of 1832-1836, the purpose of which was to make a scientific survey of the South American waters. The expedition also visited the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand. Darwin's observations contributed to his discovery of the principle of natural selection of heritable variation as the cause of evolution. His most famous work, 'On the origin of species by means of natural selection', was published in 1859.

• Date made: 1839-1843 1-;

trophy cup

EPH 4479 (Imperial War Museum)

Not only regarded as one of the greatest ever Rugby League forwards, Douglas Clark was also a world champion wrestler billed at one time as 'the strongest man in the world'. He enjoyed a career of great longevity at the highest level, playing professional rugby league for twenty years and contesting wrestling championships well into his forties. Despite his great strength, on the field Clark was renowned for his clean and sporting behaviour, off it many who knew him well described him as quiet, reserved, even gentle. Born at Ellenborough, near Maryport, on 2 May 1891, Clark was spotted playing for the local junior club Brookland Rovers and joined Huddersfield for a fee. He made his debut on 25 September 1909. Thirteen months later he won the first of 31 caps for Cumberland and, by 1911, was playing for his country in the second and third tests against Australia. A leading member of what became known as 'the Team of all the Talents', Clark won seven Yorkshire Cup, six Yorkshire League championship, three Championship and three Challenge Cup medals. He scored tries in three of the five Championship finals in which he played, including a hat-trick in 1913. In the 1914-15 season, Huddersfield won all four competitions they entered. Douglas Clark was an intelligent player, not just a powerhouse. He was a good tackler, an adept dribbler and able to open out play with his passing. In 485 games for Huddersfield, he scored 99 tries. Clark also played eleven test matches against Australia and New Zealand up to 1920, including the notorious 'Rorke's Drift' game in Sydney on 4 July 1914 when he broke his thumb and dislocated a collarbone in a 14-6 win. During the First World War, Douglas Clark served with the Army Service Corps rising to the rank of sergeant. In 1917, he took part in the Battle of Messines and the Third Battle of Ypres, being gassed twice, in July and October. On the second occasion he also suffered severe arm and abdominal wounds. For his part in bringing forward an ammunition column under very heavy fire when, Clark wrote in his diary, 'the place was turned into hell', he was awarded the Military Medal. Douglas Clark became British Army wrestling champion. After the war he was five times a world champion in the Cumberland and Westmoreland style and frequently won prizes at the Grasmere Sports, including the Lonsdale Belt. After his retirement from rugby he took part in the 'All-In' and 'Catch-As-Catch-Can' disciplines. On 6 June 1931, he defeated 'Johanfesson' to claim the All-In heavyweight championship of England, having already become British champion in 1930. He later won the European and Empire titles. In a thrilling contest on 3 July 1933 he became the first holder of the T. Herbert Kaye world championship belt after overcoming the Belgian Laurent Gerstmans. In 1936 and 1937 he toured Australia. Clark died on 1 February 1951. 'As legends go', wrote one noted sports historian, 'he was the genuine article'.

• Material: silver cup on wooden base (H 23cm x 11cm diameter), decorated with flowers and leaves. The trophy is not named to the recipient.

trophy cup, sports (wrestling)

EPH 4480 (Imperial War Museum)

Wrestling trophy cup awarded to Corporal Douglas Clark (Army Service Corps) for an exhibition bout on 4 August 1915. Not only regarded as one of the greatest ever Rugby League forwards, Douglas Clark was also a world champion wrestler billed at one time as 'the strongest man in the world'. He enjoyed a career of great longevity at the highest level, playing professional rugby league for twenty years and contesting wrestling championships well into his forties. Despite his great strength, on the field Clark was renowned for his clean and sporting behaviour, off it many who knew him well described him as quiet, reserved, even gentle. Born at Ellenborough, near Maryport, on 2 May 1891, Clark was spotted playing for the local junior club Brookland Rovers and joined Huddersfield for a fee. He made his debut on 25 September 1909. Thirteen months later he won the first of 31 caps for Cumberland and, by 1911, was playing for his country in the second and third tests against Australia. A leading member of what became known as 'the Team of all the Talents', Clark won seven Yorkshire Cup, six Yorkshire League championship, three Championship and three Challenge Cup medals. He scored tries in three of the five Championship finals in which he played, including a hat-trick in 1913. In the 1914-15 season, Huddersfield won all four competitions they entered. Douglas Clark was an intelligent player, not just a powerhouse. He was a good tackler, an adept dribbler and able to open out play with his passing. In 485 games for Huddersfield, he scored 99 tries. Clark also played eleven test matches against Australia and New Zealand up to 1920, including the notorious 'Rorke's Drift' game in Sydney on 4 July 1914 when he broke his thumb and dislocated a collarbone in a 14-6 win. During the First World War, Douglas Clark served with the Army Service Corps rising to the rank of sergeant. In 1917, he took part in the Battle of Messines and the Third Battle of Ypres, being gassed twice, in July and October. On the second occasion he also suffered severe arm and abdominal wounds. For his part in bringing forward an ammunition column under very heavy fire when, Clark wrote in his diary, 'the place was turned into hell', he was awarded the Military Medal. Douglas Clark became British Army wrestling champion. After the war he was five times a world champion in the Cumberland and Westmoreland style and frequently won prizes at the Grasmere Sports, including the Lonsdale Belt. After his retirement from rugby he took part in the 'All-In' and 'Catch-As-Catch-Can' disciplines. On 6 June 1931, he defeated 'Johanfesson' to claim the All-In heavyweight championship of England, having already become British champion in 1930. He later won the European and Empire titles. In a thrilling contest on 3 July 1933 he became the first holder of the T. Herbert Kaye world championship belt after overcoming the Belgian Laurent Gerstmans. In 1936 and 1937 he toured Australia. Clark died on 1 February 1951. 'As legends go', wrote one noted sports historian, 'he was the genuine article'.

• Date made: 1915
• Material: small brass coloured trophy with wooden base (H [including base] 13cm x 9cm across). The cup bears engraved and hand-written inscriptions. Engraved on body: 'Convoy Staff Company / Exhibition of Wrestling / Cpl Clark D / Grove Park / 4.8.15'. Hand-written paper label on wooden base: 'D Clark'.

commemorative plate, 'SMS Admiral Graf Spee'

EPH 4495 (Imperial War Museum)

Second World War period china plate commemorating the German pocket battleship 'Graf Spee', which was scuttled by its German crew in the open sea off Montevideo, on 17 December 1939. The warship sought haven in neutral port of Montevideo in Uruguay following the naval engagement with a British and New Zealand cruiser force at Battle of the River Plate on 13 December, during which the 'Graf Spee' was damaged. The plate is believed to be a locally produced (Uruguayan?) souvenir piece.

• Material: small white china dish (diameter 12cm, depth 1cm), with scalloped and gilded edge; the central portion of the item is decorated with a German eagle holding wreath enclosing a swastika; below the eagle the transfer printed text 'Admiral Graf Spee'.

trophy belt, sports (Lonsdale World's 'All In' Wrestling Championship belt)

EPH 4499 (Imperial War Museum)

Not only regarded as one of the greatest ever Rugby League forwards, Douglas Clark was also a world champion wrestler billed at one time as 'the strongest man in the world'. He enjoyed a career of great longevity at the highest level, playing professional rugby league for twenty years and contesting wrestling championships well into his forties. Despite his great strength, on the field Clark was renowned for his clean and sporting behaviour, off it many who knew him well described him as quiet, reserved, even gentle. Born at Ellenborough, near Maryport, on 2 May 1891, Clark was spotted playing for the local junior club Brookland Rovers and joined Huddersfield for a fee. He made his debut on 25 September 1909. Thirteen months later he won the first of 31 caps for Cumberland and, by 1911, was playing for his country in the second and third tests against Australia. A leading member of what became known as 'the Team of all the Talents', Clark won seven Yorkshire Cup, six Yorkshire League championship, three Championship and three Challenge Cup medals. He scored tries in three of the five Championship finals in which he played, including a hat-trick in 1913. In the 1914-15 season, Huddersfield won all four competitions they entered. Douglas Clark was an intelligent player, not just a powerhouse. He was a good tackler, an adept dribbler and able to open out play with his passing. In 485 games for Huddersfield, he scored 99 tries. Clark also played eleven test matches against Australia and New Zealand up to 1920, including the notorious 'Rorke's Drift' game in Sydney on 4 July 1914 when he broke his thumb and dislocated a collarbone in a 14-6 win. During the First World War, Douglas Clark served with the Army Service Corps rising to the rank of sergeant. In 1917, he took part in the Battle of Messines and the Third Battle of Ypres, being gassed twice, in July and October. On the second occasion he also suffered severe arm and abdominal wounds. For his part in bringing forward an ammunition column under very heavy fire when, Clark wrote in his diary, 'the place was turned into hell', he was awarded the Military Medal. Douglas Clark became British Army wrestling champion. After the war he was five times a world champion in the Cumberland and Westmoreland style and frequently won prizes at the Grasmere Sports, including the Lonsdale Belt. After his retirement from rugby he took part in the 'All-In' and 'Catch-As-Catch-Can' disciplines. On 6 June 1931, he defeated 'Johanfesson' to claim the All-In heavyweight championship of England, having already become British champion in 1930. He later won the European and Empire titles. In a thrilling contest on 3 July 1933 he became the first holder of the T. Herbert Kaye world championship belt after overcoming the Belgian Laurent Gerstmans. In 1936 and 1937 he toured Australia. Clark died on 1 February 1951. 'As legends go', wrote one noted sports historian, 'he was the genuine article'.

• Creator: Lister and Son; Birmingham Medal Co Ltd
• Material: large leather (Lonsdale) belt (L 132cm x W 14.5cm) decorated with central medallion depicting two men wrestling in circular enamel panel; six shields to either side, joined by chains, are blank; central medallion inscribed: 'Worlds 'All In' Wrestling Championship / Presented by T Herbert Kaye Esq. Huddersfield'. The belt is in a black card box lined with velvet and silk (L 78cm x W 19cm x D 6cm).

fly whisk

EPH 9022 (Imperial War Museum)

Fly whisk carried by General Sir Ian Hamilton, Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force at Gallipoli, 1915. He wrote: 'This little fly whisk travelled all over the world with me for the four years which I was Inspector General of Overseas Forces, West Indies, Panama, States, Canada, Trans Siberia, Straits Settlements, Ceylon, Australia, N. Zealand, Cape Horn, Rio, Bermuda. At the Dardanelles it was always in my hand & has been in all the trenches as well as on the Queen Elizabeth.'

Sash, Imperial German

EQU 3850 (Imperial War Museum)

First World War souvenir. The sash was taken from one of two German Superintendants commanding the local militia on Samoa when they surrendered to a New Zealand Expeditionary force on 30 August 1914.

• Material: red cloth sash with a gilt metal colonial style Imperial German eagle attached.

shirt, camouflage 'Tiger Stripe'

UNI 5822 (Imperial War Museum)

Designed and at first manufactured in the Republic of Vietnam, the 'Tiger Stripe' camouflage is believed to have been first worn by the Vietnamese Marine Corps from 1959, the style influenced by the French 'Lizard Pattern' of the early 1950s. Adopted by individual US Special Forces acting in an advisory capacity during the earlier stage of the Vietnam conflict, the style was often used by other elite formations including those of Australia and New Zealand. In the mid-1960s South Vietnam adopted the uniform as a distinctive feature of its own Ranger Battalions. Several uniform garments of this style were made under contract in several countries such as Thailand, Okinawa, Taiwan and Korea, made in both American and Vietnamese sizes. These garments are distinguished by having their sizes marked in the following way: 'A-S', 'A-M' and 'A-L' for Asian Small, Medium and Large, and for US personnel, 'U.S. -M', 'U.S.-L'.

• Material: single-breasted lightweight shirt with open collar and two breast pockets. The pockets are closed by horizontal flaps, each secured by a single concealed plastic button. The are five exposed green plastic buttons to the shirt front, and a further one to each cuff. The shirt is printed in a series of black horizontal 'lizard' pattern strokes on mid-green, with light green detailing.

Royal Naval College, Greenwich; a study from the north-west (PAF1305)

PAF1305 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>A study of the Royal Naval College from the north-west, probably from an upper window in the old Ship Tavern (destroyed in WWII) which stood by Greenwich Pier at the north end of the present Cutty Sark dry-dock. On the left are the chimneys of Greenwich Power Station (built c. 1906) with the College domes, right. The Admiral President's flag flies over his residence in the north pavilions of the King Charles Court. The College grounds, now Monument Gardens, in the immediate foreground contain the obelisk commemorating naval casualties of the Maori Wars in New Zealand (1870s). Outside the railings on the public river-walk (middle right) is the obelisk (1854) commemorating Lt Joseph-Rene Bellot of the French navy, who drowned while carrying despatches for Sir Edward Belcher's Franklin search expedition in 1853. The boxed number '[106] unpriced' indicates this is one of the studio collection purchased by Sir James Caird.</p>

• Creator: William Lionel Wyllie
• Date made: early 20th century
• Material: watercolour and pencil

Admiral of the Fleet John Jellicoe, 1859-1935, 1st Earl Jellicoe (BHC2804)

BHC2804 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>A three-quarter-length portrait slightly to the left, wearing an admiral of the fleet's frock coat, 1901-29. He also wears the medal ribbons and the cross of the Order of Merit, with the button and medal ribbons carefully delineated. A gunnery specialist, Jellicoe served in the Egyptian campaign of 1882. He was also one of the survivors of the collision between the battleships 'Victoria' and 'Camperdown' in the Mediterranean in 1893. In 1900 he was Chief of Staff on the international overland expedition that relieved the European legations in Peking during the Boxer Rising. He also played an important role in the modernization of the Navy under Admiral John Fisher. As Director of Naval Ordnance, 1905-07, and Controller of the Navy, 1908-10, Jellicoe promoted the new 'dreadnought' battleships, and torpedo boats and submarines. In November 1911, he was appointed second-in-command of the British Grand Fleet, and on the outbreak of the First World War, became its commander. He led it in the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916 but was criticized for his defensive attitude towards sea warfare and in late 1916 was replaced by Sir David Beatty. He became First Sea Lord until his dismissal by the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, on 24 December 1917, following a disagreement about the introduction of convoys in the Battle of the Atlantic. After the war Jellicoe became Governor of New Zealand, 1920-24, and was created Earl Jellicoe in 1925.</p> <p>The portrait was commissioned by HMS 'Excellent', the Royal Naval Gunnery School at Portsmouth, to commemorate its centenary. It was begun in the artist's studio in Chelsea in 1932 but, due to Jellicoe's ill health, was not completed until the following year. It proved to be a controversial painting and was openly disliked by Lady Jellicoe, since the artist did not attempt to disguise her husband's age and infirmity. Indeed, at this stage Jellicoe had no hearing, taste or smell and was nearly blind, himself attributing these sensory deprivations to his long service as a gunnery officer. The portrait intentionally invokes a sense of loss in the sitter through an elongated perspective and underscores the isolation of his illness by the lack of direction in his sightless gaze. Even his gloves hang limply from his left hand. The flatness of the deep blue sky and sea also stylistically invoke mural painting, which was enjoying a revival in the 1930s.</p> <p>The picture has a haunting and surreal quality, evoking Jellicoe's past greatness in the Navy, and is an important early work by Monnington who was later President of the Royal Academy. The portrait was exhibited at the Royal Academy's summer exhibition in 1934 but HMS 'Excellent' rejected it in deference to Lady Jellicoe's antipathy, ordering a more sympathetic one by Reginald Eves instead. It remained with the artist until 1960, when he offered it to the Museum and agreed to accept £100 for it.</p>

• Creator: Sir Walter Thomas Monnington
• Date made: 1933
• Material: oil on canvas

Admiral John Lort Stokes, 1812-1885 (BHC3039)

BHC3039 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Lort Stokes served for many years on the ‘Beagle’, including the period when Charles Darwin was naturalist on board, 1831–1836. In 1841 he succeeded to the command and spent two years engaged in surveys of Timor and New Zealand. On his return he wrote ‘Discoveries in Australia: with an account of the coasts and rivers explored and surveyed during the voyage of HMS Beagle in the years 1837-43’. In 1847 he was appointed to the steam vessel ‘Acheron’ in which for the next four years he surveyed the coast of New Zealand.</p> <p>Stephen Pearce exhibited a large number of portraits of naval officers at the Royal Academy, including this portrait of Lort Stokes in 1879. In 1851 he completed ‘The Arctic Council planning a search for Sir John Franklin’ (National Portrait Gallery) which depicts the officials, naval officers and explorers most active in the search for Sir John Franklin.</p>

• Creator: Stephen Pearce
• Date made: probably 1879
• Material: oil

View in Pickersgill Harbour, Dusky Bay, New Zealand (BHC2370)

BHC2370 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Hodges's paintings of the Pacific celebrate British exploration. He was appointed by the Admiralty to record the places discovered on Cook's second voyage, undertaken in the 'Resolution' and 'Adventure', 1772-75. This was primarily in the form of drawings, many later converted to engravings in the official account of the voyage. He also did some oil paintings on the voyage but most, especially the larger ones, were painted in London on his return. The National Maritime Museum holds 26 oils relating to the voyage of which 24 were either painted for or acquired by the Admiralty.</p> <p>Cook's main purpose on this expedition was to locate, if possible, the much talked-of but unknown Southern Continent and further expand knowledge of the central Pacific islands, in which Hodges' records of coastal profiles were in part important for navigational reasons.</p> <p>This painting depicts 'Resolution' moored alongside the shore in Pickersgill Harbour, Dusky Bay, New Zealand, after 11 April 1773. The harbour was named after Richard Pickersgill, 'Resolution's' third lieutenant, who observed its safety and convenience as an anchorage, made possible through the deep water close in to the shore. The area is shown thickly wooded with dense, cool temperate rain forest and Hodges has carefully delineated the botanical features of the exotic vegetation, ferns, creepers and giant forest trees. As Cook noted in his account, nature conveniently provided a large tree growing horizontally over the water that was transformed into a gangplank. Hodges has chosen this natural gangway as the subject of his painting as seen from the ship, as it reached the ship's gunwale. A heavy tackle from one of 'Resolution's' yardarms is shown both securing the ship to the tree and perhaps also supporting the flimsy bridge. Hodges has also created an unusual compositional device, using a section of the ship's hull in silhouette. This implies his vantage point as being either from the port quarter-gallery window of the cabin, looking forward, or given the low angle even from a boat under the stern.</p> <p>The sunlight shining through the trees indicates the clearing that 'Resolution's' astronomer, William Wales, and his assistants created in the forest to pitch their special observatory tent and provide a clear sky view for astronomical observation. The tent can be glimpsed in the clearing with some clothes hanging out to dry, taking advantage of the good weather. One of the sailors is depicted as he returns aboard from a smoking fire in the background on the left. He has possibly used the fire to cook a large blue fish, which he is holding his hand as he crosses the gangway. The image concentrates on the profound beauty of Dusky Bay, where Hodges spent a considerable amount of time painting and drawing. He has observed the sense of loneliness, mystery and grandeur that pervaded the place, in this romantic evocation of an aesthetic response to nature.</p>

• Creator: William Hodges
• Date made: circa 1776
• Material: oil on canvas

Terrestrial miniature globe (GLB0042)

GLB0042 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial miniature globe. Geographical details on the sphere are the same as those of Dudley Adams, <a href= "/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0051" title= "Pocket globe - Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe">GLB0051</a>, but with the addition of 'Ice Sea 1772' in the north polar region and 'English Colonies' in North America. The location of the 'Antipodes to London' are marked and the monsoons in the Indian Sea are recorded. The 'Chinese Wall' is depicted, California is drawn as a peninsula, Australia and New Zealand are drawn according to the Dutch discoveries, and the track of Anson is recorded and labelled. A total of five oceans are named. The stand for this globe is now missing. For full details about the cartography and construction of this globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: London, England
• Creator: Dudley Adams
• Date made: circa 1795
• Material: papier mache; plaster; brass; paper; varnish; hand-coloured; copper plate engraved

Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe (GLB0014)

GLB0014 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe. Geographical details on the terrestrial sphere include the location of the 'Antipodes to London'. Monsoons and trade winds are depicted by arrows and California is drawn as a peninsula. Australia is drawn according to the Dutch discoveries but the label 'New Zeland' is allocated to Tasmania; New Zealand itself is absent. The explorations of Dampier are included and the tracks of Anson's voyage are shown. There is a label around both Poles and a total of four oceans are named.</p> <p>Astronomical details on the inside of the case are the same as Senex <a href="/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0035" title= "Miniature globe - Celestial miniature globe">GLB0035</a> as well as Price and Senex <a href= "/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0013" title= "Pocket globe - Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe">GLB0013</a>. There is a labelled magnitude table in front of Ursa Major and the Milky Way is labelled. A total of 22 stars and three star groups are named. The 48 Ptolemaic constellations and two of the non-Ptolemaic constellations are drawn. There are two of the southern constellations as well as those of Plancius and one of Hevelius.</p> <p>As Fleet Street became numbered only in 1776, these pocket globes by George Adams Senior were clearly produced after this date. Since the eastern coast of Australia is not clearly outlined, a date before 1771 is indicated. For full details about the cartography and construction of this globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: London, England
• Creator: George Adams
• Date made: circa 1770
• Material: papier mache; wood; shark skin; brass; plaster; paper; hand-coloured; copper plate engraved

Naval telescope (NAV1686)

NAV1686 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>The telescope has a tapering barrel covered in canvas and a single brass draw tube. The other fittings include a hood for the objective lens and a sliding eyepiece cover. Telescopes like this were commonly used on board ship from the 19th century onwards.</p> <p>The maker's name is inscribed on the draw tube. The firm of Dobbie McInnes & Clyde Ltd had offices in Glasgow, Greenock, South Shields and London.</p> <p>An additional inscription, 'N.Z.S. Co', probably refers to the New Zealand Shipping Company, which was founded in 1873. The company was taken over by the Peninsular and Orient Steam Navigation Company (P&O) in 1916, but retained its own name until 1973.</p>

• Place made: United Kingdom
• Creator: Dobbie McInnes & Clyde Ltd
• Date made: circa 1960
• Material: brass; canvas; glass

Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe (GLB0040)

GLB0040 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe. Geographical details on the terrestrial sphere are the same as Adams <a href= "/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0200" title= "Pocket globe - Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe">GLB0200</a>, but updated by the addition of 'Meridian of Greenwich' and a notice about Cook's death. The track of the voyage by Ross is also added. The region north of the Arctic Circle is completely changed by a newly engraved polar calotte. In the south polar region Enderby's Land 1833 is mapped. Compass points have been added west of the Cape of Good Hope, and along the equator the hours are indicated. The location of the 'Antipodes to London' are marked. The monsoons in the Indian Sea are recorded, the 'Chinese Wall' is depicted and California is drawn as a peninsula. Australia and New Zealand are drawn according to the Dutch discoveries. The track of Anson is recorded and labelled and five oceans are named.</p> <p>Astronomical details on the inside of the case are the same as those of the same Ferguson, <a href= "/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0057" title= "Pocket globe - Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe">GLB0057</a>, but the southern hemisphere hour angles are added and a zodiacal belt is drawn. Stars are represented by different symbols, but a magnitude table is absent. The Milky Way is labelled. Six stars and two star groups are named. The 48 Ptolemaic constellations and four of the non-Ptolemaic constellations are drawn. Four of the southern constellations are drawn as well as those of Plancius and Hevelius. For full details about the cartography and construction of this globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: London, England, United Kingdom
• Creator: Adams
• Date made: after 1833
• Material: papier mache; paper; brass; hand-coloured; varnish; copper plate engraved; plaster; embossed paper

Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe (GLB0200)

GLB0200 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe. Geographical details on the terrestrial sphere are the same as Dudley Adams, <a href= "/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0042" title= "Miniature globe - Terrestrial miniature globe">GLB0042</a>. The location of the 'Antipodes to London' are marked, and the monsoons in the Indian Sea are recorded. The 'Chinese Wall' is depicted, and California is drawn as a peninsula. Australia and New Zealand are drawn according to the Dutch discoveries. The track of Anson is recorded and labelled 'Ansons going out and Ansons return'. A total of five oceans are named.</p> <p>Astronomical details on the inside of the case are the same as James Ferguson, <a href= "/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0057" title= "Pocket globe - Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe">GLB0057</a>. Stars are represented by different symbols, but a magnitude table is absent. The Milky Way is labelled. A total of six stars and two star groups are named, and the 48 Ptolemaic constellations and four of the non-Ptolemaic constellations are drawn. Four of the southern constellations are drawn as well as those of Plancius and all those of Hevelius. For full details about the cartography and construction of this globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: London, England, United Kingdom
• Creator: Dudley Adams
• Date made: circa 1808
• Material: papier mache; plaster; hand-coloured; wood; embossed paper; metal; paper; copper plate engraved

Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe (GLB0052)

GLB0052 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe. Geographical details on terrestrial sphere are the same as those of John Senex <a href= "/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0034" title= "Miniature globe - Terrestrial miniature globe">GLB0034</a>, but with the addition of a presumably hypothetical eastern coastline of Australia and a correction for New Zealand. The western coastline of North America is extended and shows the Bering Strait, but it is not labelled. The location of the 'Antipodes to London' are marked. The monsoons and trade winds are depicted by arrows. California is drawn as a peninsula. Australia is drawn according to the Dutch discoveries but the label 'New Zeland' is allocated to Tasmania. New Zealand itself is absent. The explorations of Dampier are included and the tracks of the explorer George Anson are shown. There are labels around both poles. A total of four oceans are named.</p> <p>Astronomical details on the inside of the case are the same as those of Senex <a href="/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0035" title="Miniature globe - Celestial miniature globe">GLB0035</a> and Price and Senex <a href= "/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0013" title= "Pocket globe - Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe">GLB0013</a>. There is a labelled magnitude table in front of Ursa Major. A total of 22 stars and three star groups are named. The 48 Ptolemaic constellations and two of the non-Ptolemaic constellations are drawn. There are two of the southern constellations, as well as those of Plancius and one of Hevelius. For full details about the cartography and construction of this globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: London, England
• Creator: George Adams
• Date made: circa 1770
• Material: papier mache; wood; shark skin; plaster; paper; hand-coloured; copper plate engraved; varnish

'Erebus' and the 'Terror' in New Zealand, August 1841 (BHC1214)

BHC1214 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>One of a pair with <a href= "/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=BHC1215" title= "Painting - 'Erebus' and 'Terror' in the Antarctic">BHC1215</a>. This is an interpretation from the scientific expedition of James Clark Ross (1800-62), to Antarctic waters, 1839-42, with two ships; his own ship 'Erebus' and the 'Terror', under Commander Francis Crozier. Ross attempted to reach the South Magnetic Pole, also undertaking many scientific studies such as the first extensive series of deep-sea soundings. Influenced by the earlier discoveries of Dumont d' Urville and Charles Wilkes, Ross decided to sail further east before bearing south. He discovered the Ross Sea in January 1841, claimed Franklin Island, and named Mounts Erebus and Terror on Ross Island. His advance was finally stopped by the Ross Ice Shelf, which Ross called the Victoria Barrier. Knighted following his return to England in 1843, he published 'A Voyage of Discovery and Research in the Southern and Antarctic Regions', in 1847. The expeditionary ships 'Erebus' and 'Terror' are shown anchored in a bay, probably in New Zealand, where they wintered in 1840 and returned in August 1841. The nearer ship has lowered several open boats containing sailors preparing to meet the native craft positioned in the foreground. One Maori boat sails towards the British ship proffering gifts of fish, fruit, local produce and goods. Four of the Maori craft are rafts; the two with high backs are war canoes with ornately carved sterns, and bearing warriors and important local dignitaries. A third craft on the far right shows warriors standing up holding spears.</p> <p>The artist has created an air of calm and peaceful stillness, tinged with a golden glow indicating that the meeting between the visiting British ships and local people is one of friendship. The smoke on the hills in the distance denotes habitation, palm trees evoke the exotic, yet in the distance the land appears barren, mountainous and hostile. In Ross's 1847 account he observed that instead of the friendly reception anticipated, the natives of New Zealand were prepared to 'seize any opportunity of regaining possession of their lands and driving the Europeans out of the country'. Carmichael was a prolific artist who also produced drawings and engravings for British newspapers. However, since he did not accompany Ross on the expedition, this painting is not an eye-witness account but a response to the publication of Ross's book. The painting has been signed by the artist.</p>

• Creator: John Wilson Carmichael
• Date made: circa 1847
• Material: oil on canvas

Lieutenant William Edward Sanders, 1883-1917, VC, DSO, RNR (BHC3145)

BHC3145 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>A head-and-shoulders portrait, facing right, with the sitter wearing a naval cap and uniform. Sanders, born in New Zealand, was originally a merchant seaman. Within one year, during World War I, he rose from sub-lieutenant to lieutenant-commander and won both the DSO and Victoria Cross. He received his medals for skill and daring during service on HMS 'Prize', one of the 'Q' or 'mystery' ships used in this war. These three-masted topsail schooners acted as decoys to trap and sink German submarines. In August 1917 the 'Prize' was attacked by a German U-boat and badly damaged, and Sanders was killed. McEvoy was engaged as an official war artist and was given the exacting task of commemorating posthumous VC's in oil portraits, using faded and tinted studio photographs. This portrait of Sanders is part of that project.</p>

• Creator: Ambrose McEvoy
• Date made: circa 1918
• Material: oil on canvas

Terrestrial collapsible globe (GLB0240)

GLB0240 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial collapsible globe. Geographical details on the sphere include the location of the Antipodes to Milan. Australia and New Zealand are drawn according to the English discoveries, and Tasmania is drawn as an island. A total of nine oceans are named on the globe.</p> <p>This collapsible globe seems to be related to Lopez <a href= "/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0235" title= "Collapsible globes and orrery set - Terrestrial and celestial collapsible globes and orrery set"> GLB0235</a>, from Madrid. The overall measurement is for the globe when it is collapsed inside its folder. For full details about the cartography and construction of this globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: Milan, Italy
• Creator: Giocondo Regazzoni
• Date made: circa 1850
• Material: paper; silk; brass; printed lithography

Terrestrial miniature globe (GLB0034)

GLB0034 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial miniature globe. It forms a pair with the celestial globe, Senex <a href="/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0035" title="Miniature globe - Celestial miniature globe">GLB0035</a>. Geographical details on the sphere show the location of the 'Antipodes to London'. The monsoons and trade winds are depicted by arrows. California is drawn as a peninsula. Australia is drawn according to the Dutch discoveries but the label New Zeland is allocated to Tasmania. New Zealand itself is absent. The explorations of Dampier are included and the tracks of Anson are shown. There are labels around both poles and a total of four oceans are named. For full details about the cartography and construction of this globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: London, England
• Creator: John Senex
• Date made: circa 1750
• Material: papier mache; plaster; copper plate engraved; varnish; brass; wood; paper; ink

Terrestrial inflatable globe (GLB0230)

GLB0230 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial inflatable globe. Geographical details on the sphere show a comment, close to S. Helena which reads: 'Rendered memorable as being the place / of Bonaparte's banishment / and decease'. There is another comment in Australia. In 'NEW ZEALAND' there is a note, 'Discovered by Capt Cook 1770'. There is a note on Cook's death and Cook's most southern point is indicated, and there is a reference to the mutiny on the Bounty.</p> <p>There are nine notes on discoveries and explorations, for instance in Venezuela 'Porto Bello Discovered by Columbus, together with a great part of this Continent'. Six settlements are indicated. There are two notes on navigation. The tracks of voyages by seven explorers are recorded with dates, including those of Cook, de la Perouse and Vancouver. A total of seven oceans are named.</p> <p>This is the only globe to show Cabot's voyage and discoveries; it also shows Columbus. The globe by Pocock was used as the model for Cella <a href="/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0203" title="Inflatable globe - Terrestrial inflatable globe">GLB0203</a> of 1831. Desmadryl in Paris also made balloon globes, circa 1833. The overall measurement is for the globe when it is collapsed inside its box. For full details about the cartography and construction of this globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: Bristol, North Somerset, England, United Kingdom
• Creator: George Pocock
• Date made: 1830
• Material: paper; printed lithography; bone; wood; cardboard; ink; fabric

Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe (GLB0029)

GLB0029 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial and celestial pocket globe. Geographical details on the terrestrial sphere show trade winds and monsoons indicated by arrows. The Dampier Strait is labelled. Australia and New Zealand are drawn according to Cook's discoveries. The tracks of Anson's voyage and Cook are shown. A total of eight oceans are named. Astronomical details on the inside of the case show a geocentric projection. Stars are represented by different symbols, but a magnitude table is lacking. The Milky Way is labelled. The 48 Ptolemaic constellations and four of the non-Ptolemaic constellations are drawn. There are four of the southern constellations as well as those of Plancius and all those of Hevelius. For full details about the cartography and construction of this globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: London, England
• Creator: William Palmer;
• Date made: 1783
• Material: papier mache; plaster; paper; hand-coloured; metal; copper plate engraved; varnish; wood; brass; shark skin

Terrestrial table globe (GLB0154)

GLB0154 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial table globe. It forms a pair with the celestial globe, Price <a href="/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=GLB0149" title="Table globe - Celestial table globe">GLB0149</a>. Geographical details on the sphere show California drawn as an island. The Dampier Strait is marked and the 'Chinese Wall' is depicted. The trade winds and monsoons are indicated by lines and arrows. There is a label 'VARIABLE WINDS' with an explanatory text. There are four notes on winds and monsoons, for example, on the west coast of Africa: 'Within these limits are perpetual Calmes and with ter / rible Thunder Lighting and / Rains'.</p> <p>There are seven notes on discoveries, including, for example: 'BAHAMA I.s are said to be 400 in number / and was the first land discoverd / by Columbus in 1492'. There are labels in Australia and New Zealand is labelled 'ZELANDIA NOVA Discover.d 1644'. A note on animals reads 'In this Sea are many Animals partly re: / sembling a Fish partly a Fowl having a / neck like a Swan which they often thrust / above water ye rest being always under'.</p> <p>There are a number of illegible texts on one area of the globe. Nine oceans are named. The hour circle does not belong to the item. For full details about the cartography and construction of this globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: London, England
• Creator: Charles Price
• Date made: 1715
• Material: papier mache; plaster; paper; varnish; brass; wood; copper plate engraved; hand-coloured; ink

Terrestrial floor globe (GLB0113)

GLB0113 (National Maritime Museum)

<p>Terrestrial floor globe. Geographical details on the sphere show California drawn as a peninsula. Along the meridian is the label 'Ligne de Demarcation' and along that is the the label 'Ligne de Demarcation selon la Bulle d'Alexandre VI'. The North and South polar continents are labelled 'TERRES ARCTIQUES' and 'TERRES AUSTRALES ou ANTARCTIQUES', respectively. Australia and New Zealand are drawn according to the Dutch discoveries. The Dampier Strait is labelled 'Detroit de Dampier'.</p> <p>There are the tracks of voyages, including, for example, 'Route de Magellan en 1520', 'Route de Mendana en 1586 and en 1595' and 'Route de Quiros en 1605'. A total of four oceans are named. A pair of globes by Nollet is in the J. Paul Getty Museum, California. For full details about the cartography and construction of this globe please refer to the related publication.</p>

• Place made: Paris, France
• Creator: Jean Antoine Nollet
• Date made: 1728
• Material: papier mache; hand-coloured; varnish; paper; copper plate engraved; paint; ink; brass; wood; paint; plaster

Handwritten aerogram letter of congratulations to Edna Thompson on receiving a British Empire Medal

1991.0044.0104 (National Museum of Australia)

Handwritten aerogram letter of congratulations to Edna Thompson on receiving a British Empire Medal. The letter is from Colin, dated: 24 June 1977 (Wellington). Written on pale blue paper with folds. New Zealand stamp of 'Karitane Beach', franked.

• Material: Paper, Ink

Souvenir printed china bowl of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth's Royal Tour 1949

2006.0025.0001 (National Museum of Australia)

Shallow cream coloured souvenir china bowl. It has a tan coloured bear[?] clinging to the rim, and there is a thin tan coloured line around the rim. The overlapping left profiles of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth are superimposed on the outlines of Australia and New Zealand in the centre. "SOUVENIR" is separated from "OF THE" by a crown in a scroll above them and "ROYAL TOUR 1949" is below. "Brentleigh / Ware / STAFFORDSHIRE / ENGLAND" is printed on the base in brown, and there is a supplementary smudged green stamp "PAT. APP. FOR".

• Place made: Staffordshire, England
• Date made: 1949
• Material: Bone china

Two insurance policies - The Nation Insurance Company Motor Vehicle Policy, 13 December 1964, and The Nation Insurance Company of New Zealand Limited, 30 December 1964

1991.0045.0242 (National Museum of Australia)

A collection of documents comprising of two insurance policies and an envelope. One policy is headed "The Nation Insurance Company Motor Vehicle Policy" and dated 13th Dec 1964, the other is headed "The Nation Insurance Company of New Zealand Limited" and dated 30th December 1964.

• Material: Paper, Ink

Two insurance policies - The Nation Insurance Company Public Risk Policy, 1 April 1965, and The National Insurance Company of New Zealand Limited, 1 April 1966

1991.0045.0243 (National Museum of Australia)

A collection of documents comprising of two insurance policies and an envelope. The first policy is headed "The Nation Insurance Company Public Risk Policy" and dated 1st April 1965, and the second is headed "The National Insurance Company of New Zealand Limited" and dated 1st April 1966.

• Material: Paper, Ink

Four insurance policy documents from 1967, issued by The National Insurance Company of New Zealand, and an envelope

1991.0045.0245 (National Museum of Australia)

A collection of documents comprising of four insurance policy documents from 1967 from "The National Insurance Company of New Zealand" and an envelope.

• Material: Paper, Ink

This Australia engagement calander and diary for 1963

1997.0045.0006 (National Museum of Australia)

A "This Australia" Engagement Calander/diary for 1963, featuring a picture of a flock of sheep in the bush. The diary contains details of overseas holidays to New Zealand and daily personal and school events.

• Date made: 1962
• Material: Paper

Pair of dark blue-green canvas gaiters with velcro fastening

1997.0041.0033 (National Museum of Australia)

Pair of dark blue-green canvas gaiters with velcro fastening. The clothing label is "Macpac". Label notes include "Made in New Zealand".

• Material: Canvas

Letter

1996.0034.0017 (National Museum of Australia)

A typed letter addressed to H.L. Napthali Esq, Chief Steward, Parliament House, Canberra, ACT. From W.R Modyson (?), Department of External Affairs, Canberra. Letter is dated 25 January, 1944. The letter is on Department of External Affairs letterhead, featuring an Australian Crest in blue. The letter is marked personal. The letter thanks Mr Napthali and his staff for the arrangements made in respect of the provision of refreshments for the delegates during the Conference of Australian and New Zealand Ministers.

• Material: Paper, Ink

Menu for a luncheon in honour of the Honourable Robert Semple MP Minister of Public Works and Transport, New Zealand, 1937

1991.0043.0051 (National Museum of Australia)

Menu on single non-folding card for a luncheon in honour of the Honourable Robert Semple MP Minister of Public Works and Transport, New Zealand, 15 July 1937. Six course meal followed by coffee.

• Material: Paper, Ink

Outside New Zealand Embassy Event ot greet David Lange visit 1985

1992.0096.0063.041.B (National Museum of Australia)

A piece of paper with a caption reading "Outside New Zealand Embassy Event to greet David Lange visit 1985".

• Material: Paper

New Zealand Embassy Installation '85. David Lange Greeting '85

1992.0096.0063.040.B (National Museum of Australia)

A piece of paper is captioned "New Zealand Embassy Installation '85. David Lange Greeting '85". A photograph and postcard (1992.96.63.40A) is stuck on to this sheet of paper.

• Material: Paper

Poster

1990.0056.0047 (National Museum of Australia)

A poster with an orange background featuring an image of the globe showing Australia and New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya. Text across the top reads "Rescue the Future". Further text in a semi-circular formation below the globe reads "Peace-Justice-Conservation" and along the bottom is text that reads "MARCH AND FESTIVAL PALM SUNDAY SUNDAY APRIL 8".

• Material: Paper, Ink

Black oiled japara parka

1997.0041.0052 (National Museum of Australia)

Black oiled japara parka. The labelling information includes: Typhoon Garment, Superfine Lightweight Japara, Designed and Manufactured by W.K. Backhouse Ltd., Wanganui, New Zealand.

• Material: Oil skin cloth

Media pass issued to G.C. Thomson of News Limited

1995.0043.0011 (National Museum of Australia)

A news media pass issued to G.C. Thomson of News Limited for the 1987 visit to New Zealand by the Prime Minister of Australia. The pass is orange with a black and white identification photograph which has become detached. The pass is in plastic pouch that has clear front and an opaque back. Attached to the pouch is an alligator clip.

• Material: Paper, Ink, Plastic - non specific, Metal - non specific

Brown oiled Japara coat

1993.0064.0013 (National Museum of Australia)

A dark brown/black oiled Japara coat with a hood. There is a zipper down the front of the coat and four studs on either side of the zipper. There are four large pockets on the coat with two on each side. A tag on inside of the coat reads in part "A GENUINE Eidex Parka... New Zealand Size SM".

• Material: Textile - non specific

Grey woollen hiking shirt

1997.0041.0014 (National Museum of Australia)

Grey woollen hiking shirt. The shirt was manufactured in New Zealand by the clothing label "Swanndri".

• Material: Woollen cloth

'New Zealand, Australia and the United States Foreign Policy; A very brief history', a paper presented to the National Anti-War Conference by Alister Taylor

1988.0048.0137 (National Museum of Australia)

A 13 page paper written by Alister Taylor titled "New Zealand, Australia and the United States Foreign Policy: A very brief history" for the National Anti-War Conference.

• Material: Paper

Rita Angus

(Wikipedia: List of Painters)

Rita Angus (12 March 1908 - 27 January 1970) was a New Zealand painter. Along with Colin McCahon and Toss Woollaston she is credited with introducing modern styles to New Zealand art. She worked primarily in oil and water colour, and is well known for her portraits and landscapes.

Denmark

(Wikipedia: List of Painters)

Denmark /ˈdÉ›nmÉ‘rk/ (help·info) (Danish: Danmark, IPA: [ˈd̥ænmÉ‘É¡ÌŠ], (archaic:) IPA: [ˈdÌ¥anmÉ‘ËÉ¡ÌŠ]) is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe and a constituent country (alongside Greenland and the Faroe Islands) of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries. The mainland is bordered to the south by Germany; Denmark is southwest of Sweden and south of Norway. Denmark borders both the Baltic and the North Sea. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland (Jylland) and many islands, most notably Zealand (Sjælland), Funen (Fyn), Vendsyssel-Thy, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago. Denmark has long controlled the approach to the Baltic Sea, and these waters are also known as the Danish straits. The Faroe Islands and Greenland are equal countries with Denmark within the Kingdom, but are not members of the European Union.

Johan Lundbye

(Wikipedia: List of Painters)

Johan Thomas Lundbye (September 1, 1818-April 25, 1848) was a promising young Danish painter and graphic artist, known for his animal and landscape paintings who died at the age of 29. He was artistically inspired by Niels Lauritz Høyen's call to develop a Danish nationalistic art by exploring as motif the characteristic landscapes, the historical buildings and monuments, and the simple, rural people of Denmark. He became one of his generation’s national romantic painters, along with P.C. Skovgaard and Lorenz Frølich, to regularly depict the landscape of Zealand.

Christopher Perkins

(Wikipedia: List of Painters)

Christopher Edward Perkins (born 21 September 1891 at Peterborough, England, died Ipswich, Suffolk, 8 April 1968) was an artist in England and New Zealand.